How was the struggle built up by workers decisive for the national movement ?
Discuss the nature of reform movement related to women.
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How was the struggle built up by workers decisive for the national movement ?
India witnessed an industrial revolution in the latter half of the 19th Century with the opening of railways.
- 1. Several textile mills, a variety of industries, railway companies etc. developed in the country increasing the need for workers.
- 2. With the rise in employment, the workers were often exploited, and their basic requirements went ignored.
- 3. The exploitation of the workers led to continuous strikes as exhibited by the agitation of the tea plantation workers in Assam and the strike called by the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) Railway workers in 1899.
- 4. To correct these issues, there was a need to unite the workers under a banner which would allow them to negotiate better with the owners. This led to the establishment of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920
Discuss the nature of reform movement related to women.
In India, because of the importance given to patriarchy, women often led secondary roles even within the household, which was often solely their domain. Preference of male children, barring females from gaining an education, the ‘purdah’ system, the system of Sati, lack of rights to inheritance were few of the methods through which women were being subjugated and oppressed. With the movement for equality cutting across caste and gender, several male reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Vidyasagar, etc. tried to uplift the female class in society. Several women reformers also started coming forward including Pandita Ramabai, who established the ‘Arya Mahila Samaj’ and ‘Sharda Sadan’, and Ramabai Ranade who founded ‘Seva Sadan’. At the national level, ‘Bharat Mahila Parishad’ (1904) and ‘All India Women's Conference’ (1927) was founded. The women reformers were known for establishing their independent institutions and organisations and several issues like the right to inheritance, right to vote etc. . . . . . .