How was the Total Sanitation Campaign carried out?
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Answer:
The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in India was introduced by the GoI in 1999 as a restructure of the CSRP. It was implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development and the central government to "improve the general quality of life in rural areas [and] accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas through access to toilets to all by 2012".
The TSC programme emphasised Information, Education and Communication (IEC) as a means of promoting sanitation facilities, and providing a stronger support system, including trained workers, building materials and production centres. It also emphasised the importance of school sanitation and hygiene education (SSHE) as an entry point for encouraging a wider acceptance of these practices.
The programme also recognised the importance of local leadership, and integrated rewards to encourage participation. “Recognising the role of elected local representatives (Gram Panchayats [GPs]) to promote sanitation through collective community action, the GoI instituted an award, called Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) in October 2003.
TSC projects were scaled significantly in the first decade, and by 2012 the programme was operational in 572 rural districts, with additional districts planned to be added in subsequent years.