how was the vast roman empire administered
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Senatorial Provinces (Provincia populi Romani, Province of the Roman People) under the jurisdiction of the Roman Senate, who appointed a proconsul as a governor. A proconsul was usually a former consul and acted on behalf of the present consul, the highest elected official in the Republic. Augustus changed the rules when he became Primus Inter Pares (first among equals). The proconsul was chosen by lot and his appointment was ratified by the Senate. He need not have been a former consul or praetor. The proconsuls had no military authority anymore but they continued to have considerable privileges. Under his civil authority, the proconsul could appoint men and delegate authority.
Imperial Provinces under the direct jurisdiction of the Emperor, who appointed a legatus to govern the region on his behalf. The legate had under his command, a vast number of troops who were a part of the imperial army. The position of the legate was a profitable one given the fact that a large portion of war booty went to the legate. Legates were usually appointed by the Emperor for a term of two years; this changed to three or four years after Augustus’ reign.
The Roman populace was usually kept in control by “Bread and Circuses”. Grand spectacles such as gladiatorial events, triumphs and bacchanalian fests, among other things, kept the proletarians and plebians from revolting against the wealthier classes. Slaves did most of the work while their masters relaxed.
The Romans were masters of propaganda as well. Although the common populace weren’t literate, proclamations and orators kept the public informed; well, usually in the dark by putting a spin on it. The Roman administration was also a veritable machine oiled and greased by rampant corruption.
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