Question

How were civil rights extended following the Civil War?

The 10 amendments that make up the Bill of Rights are not the only changes that have been made to the Constitution. Seventeen other amendments have been added over the years. Three from the mid–1800s aimed mainly to give more rights to African Americans.

Before 1865, many African Americans were enslaved. Enslaved people had almost no rights. Slavery divided the Northern states, which did not have it, and the Southern states, which did. It grew to be a serious national problem.

Then, in 1860 and 1861, 11 Southern states tried to leave the Union and form a new country. From 1861 to 1865, the North and South fought a war—called the Civil War—over whether the states could do this. When it ended, the South had lost and slavery had been eliminated, or taken away.

Three amendments were passed after the Civil War. All of them tried in some way to help African Americans. However, unfair treatment of this group did not end. States kept African Americans separated from whites. New laws denied them basic rights. Not until the 1900s were African Americans able to enjoy the rights guaranteed by the Civil War amendments.

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