How were the Aztecs and ancient Egyptians alike?
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The Egyptians had two different calendars, a civil calendar and religious calendar. The civil calendar was to mark days for state tax collection, recording the years of the king’s reign, and for keeping three 4-month agricultural periods during the year, while having no real religious significance. The religious calendar of the Egyptians kept the dates of important holiday festivals and for keeping track of the moon.
The Aztecs also had a very similar two calendar system, even though both civilizations were on opposite sides of the world from each other and more than 2000 years apart. The Aztecs had an agricultural calendar and a sacred calendar, much like the Egyptians. The sacred calendar, tonalpohualli, kept track of the days meant for certain gods and the rituals that were to be practiced with them. The agricultural calendar, xiuhpohualli, kept track of days that were the best days to begin planting or start harvesting crops. It also kept a day count for the Aztec year, 360 days spread into 18 months, with 5 random days at the end of the year, just like the Egyptians. While the Egyptians saw these days as the gods’ birthdays, the Aztecs saw them as “unlucky” days, where natural disasters were likely to occur. Both civilizations had strong beliefs in the spiritual world, and the natural world in which they lived. Both stressed the importance of knowing the seasonal cycles for planting and harvesting, which is probably why even with the huge gap in time that they were apart, they were able to make two calendars so similar to each other.