How were the peasant’s and tribal’s movements in the country side against the Gandhian methods of Non-co operation?
Answers
Explanation:
Peasant movement in India arose during the British colonial period, when economic policies characterized in the ruin of traditional handicrafts leading to change of ownership, overcrowding of land, massive debt and impoverishment of peasantry. This led to peasant uprisings during the colonial period, and development of peasant movements in the post-colonial period.[2] The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, who formed the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in 1929 to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights.[3] In 1938,the crops in Eastern Khandesh were destroyed due to heavy rains.The peasants were ruined. In order to get the land revenue waived,Sane Guruji organized meetings and processions in many places and took out marches to the Collector's office. The peasants joined the revolutionary movement of 1942 in great numbers. [4] Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India. All these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President.[5] In the subsequent years, the movement was increasingly dominated by Socialists and Communists as it moved away from the Congress, by 1938 Haripura session of the Congress, under the presidency of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the rift became evident, and by May 1942, the Communist Party of India, which was finally legalised by the then government in July 1942, had taken over AIKS, all across India including Bengal where its membership grew considerably. [6]
Answer:
Non-Cooperation Movement spread in the countryside :
(a) in Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra.Here the movement was against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants’ exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cases.
(b) Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords farms without any payments.
As tenants they had no security of tenure and were regularly evicted so that they have no right over the leased land.
(c) The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords. In the meantime, jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in Awadh.
(d) The Awadh Kisan Sabha was set up in the villages. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the Congress leadership was unhappy with.
(e) As the movement spread, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked: bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.
Most of the tribal people were dependent on forests for their livelihood but under the new Forest Policy, the government had put several restrictions on the people :
• Closing large forest area for the tribal people.
• Forcing the local people to contribute begar.
• Preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.
All these steps enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected, but they felt that their traditional rights were also being denied. So the people revolted.