Chemistry, asked by aditijaiswal9648, 8 months ago

how will convert the following
a) secondary to primary alcohol
b)primary to tertiary alcohol
c) methonol to ethanol
d)propanol to ethanol

Answers

Answered by akriti1639

hiii

Explanation:

PRIMARY ALCOHOL TO SECONDARY ALCOHOL - DEFINITION

1. Primary alcohol under dehydration converts into alkene.

2. Alkene on Markovnive's addition with HBr gives alkyl halide.

3. This alkyl halide with nucleophilic addition of NaOH gives secondary alcohol.

CONVERT PRIMARY ALCOHOL TO TERTIARY ALCOHOL - DEFINITION

concept

Tertiary alcohol on reaction with sulphuric acid removes water and forms alkene which on reaction with hydrogen halide gives alkyl halide further on reaction with base secondary alcohol is formed which on oxidation gives ketone and finally by grignard reagent gives tertiary alcohol.

How do you convert methanol into ethanol?

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This conversion is simply a step-up carbon reaction.

In order to increase the carbon number , we proceed through the Wurtz reaction. Simply , react the methanol with one mole of HCl to get chloromethane.

Now two moles of chloromethane react with each other in presence of 2 moles of Sodium in a medium of dry ether. (Wurtz reaction ) . The reaction gives us one mole of ethane as product.

Now react the ethane molecule with Cl2 gas in presence of sunlight in a controlled chlorination environment. This will give a molecule of chloroethane ( substitution reaction ).

Now this could be turned into ethanol by reacting it with aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide.

Though there are several other methods too , but I find this one the easiest . Hope you find the conversion easy too..

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Thanks for A2A

Lets do this ……

Method 1

First lets react the methanol with PCl3 or HCl …(in case of HCl) the H+ gonna attack the OH bond to give a final result of Chloromethane

Do either Wurtz Reaction(Na with dry ether ) or Frankland Reaction (Zn) with 2 moles of Chorlomethan to get a final product of Ethane

Reaction of Ethane with Cl2 in presence of Sun light will give Chloroethane

Reaction of Chloroethane with Aq KOH will take up Cl to add OH to give a final product Ethanol

Method 2{Shorter}

First React Methanol with PCC to give a final product of HCHO

Reaction of Grignard Reagent (RMgX) take R=CH3 so reaction of CH3MgX in “acidic” medium will directly give you Ethanol

Method 3

CH3-OH + HBr ------> CH3Br + H2O

2CH3Br + (alc) KOH----->CH2=CH2

Reaction of of CH2=CH2 with H2SO4 ————→ CH3CH2OH

Tests designed to measure mental and motor performance were administered 75 min after the last dose of propranolol. The tests performed included the wobble board (WB), pursuit meter (PM), delayed auditory feedback (DAF), pegboard (PB), tapping, time estimation (TE), and a modified Cornell medical index (CMI). A mean blood ethanol concentration of 48.0 +/- 9.1 mg/dl and a mean plasma propranolol level of 33.1 +/- 13.1 ng/ml were achieved. Ethanol alone significantly impaired performance in 12 out of 20 tests (p less than 0.05). Propranolol significantly (p less than 0.05) antagonized the decrement in psychomotor performance induced by ethanol on the PM. In all other tests, there was no significant interaction between ethanol and propranolol. Propranolol alone had no significant effect on the psychomotor tests. When the drugs were combined, the subjective symptoms, as measured by the CMI, showed a trend toward being additive. This study suggests that no adverse interaction occurs between therapeutic doses of propranolol and minimum impairment doses of ethanol.