How will you obtain desigh load
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The strength of any material obtained in a structure is always less than the characteristic strength of the material. It is because of the workmanship or quality control in the manufacture of materials.
The reduced value of strength which is obtained by applying partial safety factors to the characteristic strength is called as design strength of the material.
The design strength of the material fd is given by
\[f_{d}=\frac{f}{r_{m}}\]
where f = Characteristic strength of the material
rm = Partial safety factors appropriate to material and limit state being considered
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