How will you obtain the following salts - a) ammonium chloride b) sodium nitrate c) copper sulphate
Answers
Answer:
a)Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by combining ammonia (NH3) with either hydrogen chloride (gas) or hydrochloric acid (water solution): NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl. Ammonium chloride occurs naturally in volcanic regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents (fumaroles).
b)Sodium nitrate is primarily obtained by mining it in the form of nitratine, but it can also be commercially synthesized. Additionally, there are several ways that sodium nitrate can be produced experimentally. Make sodium nitrate commercially by neutralizing nitric acid (HNO3) with soda ash (Na2CO3).
c)Materials for Making Copper Sulfate -:
copper wire—which is high purity copper
sulfuric acid—H2SO4—battery acid
water
6-volt battery
Experiment-:
Fill a jar or beaker with 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid and 30 ml of water. If your sulfuric acid solution is already diluted, add less water.
Set two copper wires into the solution so that they are not touching each other.
Connect the wires to a 6-volt battery.
The solution will turn blue as copper sulfate is produced.
Conclusion-:
When you run electricity through copper electrodes which are separated from each other in a dilute sulfuric acid bath the negative electrode will evolve bubbles of hydrogen gas while the positive electrode will be dissolved into the sulfuric acid and oxidized by the current. Some of the copper from the positive electrode will make its way to the anode where it will be reduced. This cuts into your copper sulfate yield, but you can minimize the loss by taking some care with your set-up. Coil the wire for the positive electrode and set it at the bottom of your beaker or jar. Slip a piece of plastic tubing (e.g., a small length of aquarium hose) over the wire where it extends up from the coil to keep it from reacting with the solution near the anode. (If you had to strip your wire, leave the insulating coating on the part that runs down into the liquid). Suspend the negative copper electrode (anode) over the cathode coil, leaving a good amount of space. When you connect the battery, you should get bubbles from the anode, but not the cathode.
If you get bubbling at both electrodes, try increasing the distance between the electrodes. Most of the copper sulfate will be at the bottom of the container, separated from the anode.