Question

How would you change the characteristics in this list, to describe the cells of organisms in the PLANT kingdom?

Answer 1

Where us the mentioned list??

Answer 2

Everywhere you see, you see a green cover, with different types of plants and trees. Plants and plant products are something very familiar that you use in your everyday life. But, have you ever wondered about the different types of plants and trees? Did you know that the Plant Kingdom is divided into several subgroups, with each one having special features? Delve into the depths of Kingdom Plantae and unearth some of the fascinating facts.



 

Characteristic features of Plant Kingdom

These living organisms are made of eukaryotic cells and are multicellular. The cells have a cell wall which is made of cellulose. These are autotrophic and synthesize food by photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplasts.



Classification of Plant Kingdom

Based on whether plants have a well-differentiated body and the presence or absence of specialized tissues for transport, and the ability to bear seeds Kingdom Plantae (Plant Kingdom) is can be classified into different divisions. The features and examples of each division are mentioned hereunder.

Division Thallophyta

These are the lowermost plants of the plant kingdom, without a well-differentiated body design. This means that the plant body is not differentiated as roots, stem, and leaves. They are commonly called algae, are permanently aquatic. Examples include Spirogyra, Chara, and Ulothrix.

Division Bryophyta

These are small terrestrial plants. They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures. But, they do not have any specialized tissue to conduct water and other substances. They live in damp and sandy habitats and are often referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. Examples are Riccia, Funaria, and Marchantia

Division Pteridophyta

These are supposed to be the oldest vascular plants.  The plant body is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves, apart from having a specialized tissue for conduction. This tissue helps in the conduction of water and other substances from part of the plant to the other.

These plants have naked embryos called spores. The reproductive organs in these plants are inconspicuous. Examples: Marselia, Ferns





Division Phanerogamae

Phanerogams are seed-bearing plants. The plant body is well differentiated with stem, leaves, and roots. There are well differentiated reproductive tissues that produce seeds. These plants also have a well-developed vascular system.

Depending on whether the seeds produced are naked or whether they are enclosed, phanerogams are further classified into two subdivisions. They are Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds. There are about 650 living species of gymnosperm plants. The plants are usually perineal, evergreen and woody.

They have a well-developed vascular tissue but do not have vessels. The reproductive organs generally form cones or strobilus. There is no fruit formation and the seeds are hence said to be naked. Examples: Cycas, Pinus, Deodar







Angiosperms

Angiosperms are seed-bearing plants. Seeds develop inside tissues that get modified to form the fruit of the plant. Also called the flowering plants, they are found abundantly in nature.  These plants are usually terrestrial and they may be annual, biennial or perennial. The vascular system is very well developed with xylem and phloem. Angiosperms also show the feature of double fertilization. Examples: Mustard plant, Pea plant.

On the basis of the cotyledons (seed leaves) Angiosperms are further divided into Monocotyledonous plants and Dicotyledonous plants. Monocots have seeds with single seed leaf, having vascular bundles arranged in a complex manner. Dicots, on the other hand, have two cotyledons. The vascular bundle is arranged in a ring.

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