how would you explain the rise of Napoleon
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France was ruled by the Directory, an executive made up of five members. (i) However, the Directors often clashed with the Legislative Councils, who then sought to dismiss them. (ii) The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte. (iii) After crowning himself as Emperor of France in 1804, he went out to conquer the neighboring European countries, dispossessing dynasties and creating kingdoms where he placed members of his family. (iv) Initially, he was viewed as a liberator who would bring freedom to the people, but soon the Napoleonic armies came to be viewed everywhere as an invading force.
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Upon graduating from the prestigious École Militaire (military academy) in Paris in September 1785, Bonaparte was commissioned as a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment. He served in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 and took nearly two years’ leave in Corsica (where he was born and spent his early years) and Paris during this period. At this time, he was a fervent Corsican nationalist. He spent the early years of the Revolution in Corsica, fighting in a complex three-way struggle among royalists, revolutionaries, and Corsican nationalists. He was a supporter of the republican Jacobin movement, organizing clubs in Corsica, and was given command over a battalion of volunteers. He was promoted to captain in the regular army in 1792, despite exceeding his leave of absence and leading a riot against a French army in Corsica.
He returned to Corsica and came into conflict with the Corsican leader Pasquale Paoli, who decided to split with France and sabotage the French assault on the Sardinian island of La Maddalena. Bonaparte and his family fled to the French mainland in June 1793 because of the conflict with Paoli.
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