Question

human respiratory system​

Answer 1

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$\boxed{THE\: RESPIRATORY \: SYSTEM :}$

▶The organs forming human respiratory system are nostrils, lungs, diaphragm, windpipe, etc.

▶The respiratory system helps in breathing (exchange of gases) and respiration (oxidation of glucose).

▶ Nose, windpipe and lungs are associated with exchange of gases (inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide).

▶ Respiratory systems allow the entire process of respiration to carry it in two ways -

(A) In the absence of free oxygen.

(B) In the presence of free oxygen.

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MORE ABOUT RESPIRATION

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▶ Respiration is the chemical process of releasing energy by oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) to carry out life processes.

▶ Respiration is carried out by the action of enzymes.

▶ Respiration occurs either aerobically or anaerobically.

▶ Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of free oxygen while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of free oxygen.

▶ Aerobic respiration allows complete oxidation of glucose while anaerobic respiration allows incomplete oxidation of glucose.

▶ The oxygen absorbed by the blood in the lungs is carried by the RBCs as $Oxyhaemoglobin.$

▶ One of the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants is ethanol/ethyl alcohol while in animals it is lactic acid.

Answer 2

Answer:

The human respiratory system consists of a group of organs and tissues that help us to breathe. Lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system which help in the exchange of gases. The other main parts of this system include a series of airways for air passages, blood vessels and the muscles that facilitate breathing.

Also Read: Mechanism of Breathing

Human Respiratory System Diagram

The diagram of the human respiratory system shows different parts involved in the exchange of gases.

Human Respiratory System

Human Respiratory System Diagram showing different parts of the Respiratory Tract

Features of the Human Respiratory System

The respiratory system in humans has the following important features.

The energy is generated by the breakdown of glucose molecules in all living cells of the human body.

Oxygen is inhaled and is transported to various parts and are used in the process of burning food particles (breaking down of glucose molecules) at the cellular level in a series of chemical reactions.

The obtained glucose molecules are used for discharging energy in the form of ATP- adenosine triphosphate molecules by the human body to fulfil essential life processes.

Respiratory System Parts and Functions

Let us have a detailed look at the different parts of the respiratory system and their functions.

Nose

The nose possesses a couple of exterior nostrils, which are divided by a framework of cartilaginous structure termed as the septum. This is the structure that evenly separates the right nostril from the left nostril. Tiny hair follicles that cover the interior lining of nostrils acts as the body’s first line of defence against foreign pathogens. Furthermore, they provide additional humidity for inhaled air.

Larynx

Two cartilaginous chords lay the framework for the larynx. They are situated at the point of joining the pharynx and trachea. It is also termed as Adam’s apple or the voice box. It is the portion which rises and falls during swallowing of food particles. It generates sound as air passes through the hollow in the middle.

Pharynx

The nasal chambers open up into a wide hollow space termed as the pharynx. It is a common path for both air and food. It functions by preventing the entry of food particles into the windpipe. The epiglottis is elastic cartilage, which serves as a switch between the larynx and the oesophagus by allowing the passage of air into the airway to the lungs, and food in the gastrointestinal tract.

Have you ever wondered why we cough when we eat or swallow?

Talking while we eat or swallow results in incessant coughing. The reason behind this reaction is the epiglottis. It is forced to open for the air to exit outwards and the food to enter into the windpipe, triggering a cough.

Trachea

The trachea or the windpipe rises below the larynx and moves down to the neck. The walls of trachea comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely expanding. The trachea extends further down into the breastbone and splits into two bronchi, one for each lung.

Bronchi

The trachea splits into two tubes termed as bronchi, which enter each lung individually. The bronchi divide into secondary, tertiary, and to bronchioles, which is again further divided into small air-sacs called the alveoli. The alveoli are minute sacs of air with thin walls and single-celled manner. It enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules into or away from the bloodstream.

Lungs

Lungs are the chief centres of the respiration in humans and other vertebrates. They are located in the thoracic cavity of the chest near the backbone and on either side of the heart. They are the pair of large, spongy organs, mainly involved in the exchange of gases between the blood and the air. Compared to the left lung, the right lung is quite bigger and heavier.

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