Social Sciences, asked by sumaira24, 8 months ago

Human rights for disabled essay .
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Answers

Answered by kpopsky
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Explanation:

Defining disability

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”) does not provide a definition of disability, but instead provides a broad description intended to be widely inclusive. The CRPD establishes in Article 1 that ‘persons with disabilities’ includes ‘those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others’.1 This description of disability shifts the focus toward the social and environmental barriers that hinder an individual’s participation in society rather than on the individual’s impairments.

This approach to disability is called the “social model” of disability. The “social model” recognizes that the exclusion of a person with a disability from society is the result of a barrier or hindrance to the individual’s ability to participate fully, rather than the result of the individual’s inherent inability to participate. For example, if a person cannot access a health clinic because of his/her mobility impairment, it is not his/her inability to walk which is the issue, but rather the clinic’s lack of accessibility.

Global prevalence of disability

Persons with disabilities constitute a significant portion of the population worldwide, yet they remain one of the most marginalized and vulnerable populations. It is difficult to obtain accurate data on the number of people with disabilities worldwide because approaches to measuring disability vary across countries and according to the purpose and application of the data. However, the World Health Survey—a face-to-face household survey conducted in 2002-2004 in 59 countries—estimated that about 650 million adults had a disability, with about 92 million of those adults experiencing very significant disabilities.2 The survey also demonstrated that the occurrence of disability is higher in low-income countries where about 18% of the population has a disability, in comparison to high income countries where about 11.8% of the population has a disability.3

Human rights-based approach to disability

Over the past decade, awareness and understanding of issues related to disability rights has grown. In particular, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted in 2006 and entered into force on May 3, 2008, has been integral to advancing recognition of the human rights of persons with disabilities. The CRPD provides us with a comprehensive approach to realizing the rights of persons with disabilities.

The CRPD is important for both outlining the rights of persons with disabilities and for changing perceptions of disability. The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights describes a human rights-based approach to disabilities:

A rights-based approach seeks ways to respect, support and celebrate human diversity by creating the conditions that allow meaningful participation by a wide range of persons, including persons with disabilities. Protecting and promoting their rights is not only about providing disability-related services. It is about adopting measures to change attitudes and behaviours that stigmatize and marginalize persons with disabilities. It is also about putting in place the policies, laws and programmes that remove barriers and guarantee the exercise of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights by persons with disabilities.4

Persons with disabilities face wide-ranging human rights abuses including institutionalization, isolation, stigma and discrimination, and lack of access to health, education and employment opportunities. The CRPD sets outs a wide range of rights that address all aspects of life, such as respect for home and the family, education, employment, health, participation in political and public life, participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport, the right to life, freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and the right to equal protection and equal benefit of the law. The CRPD seeks to “ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.”5

 

How is disability and health a human rights issue?

Introduction

Using the CRPD as a framework, this section explores a human rights-based approach to health for persons with disabilities, including the social and economic determinants of health.

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