Hunter and gather societies began to fade out during Bronze Age .justify?
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On every continent and in every age, human societies have been profoundly impacted by domestication. It almost seems to come naturally to human beings to bend their environment to their wishes, and perhaps the most dramatic example of this is the subjugation of various species of animal, plant, and even fungus to suit human needs. The process of domestication would arise on nearly every continent, and would dramatically shape the destinies of mankind.
Hesperidia, it seems, began with somewhat of a disadvantage.
When the first humans entered Columbia from Eurasia between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago, the only domesticated animal they brought with them was the dog. A steadfast companion of the hunter-gatherer since time immemorial, as well as a source of food among other things, the dog would nevertheless fail to become a staple of agriculture among the settled societies of Columbia.
Upon the arrival of the first proto-Columbians, the Americas teemed with dozens of species of mammalian megafauna [1], from saber-toothed cats and mastodon, to colossal armadillos and giant ground sloths. With meat in such great abundance, hunting was for some thousands of years simply the most effective means of survival in the hemisphere. However, as the Ice Age drew to a close, the megafauna of Hesperidia began to die off. It seems likely that some combination of human predation and the world's changing climate doomed most of these creatures to extinction.
Proto-Columbians stalk a glyptodont, a colossal relation of the modern armadillo.
Whatever the ultimate reason for the die-off, by 8000 BCE, only a few species of megafauna remained in the hemisphere, eliminating many potential domesticates from the pool of candidates.
As the tried-and-true survival method of big game hunting died out in Hesperidia, proto-Columbians were forced to make the transition to small-game hunting and other subsistence methods in their stead. It is at this time, about 8000 BCE, that the Proto-Columbian Period ends, and the Archaic Period begins.
The Archaic Period would be marked both by the first complex human societies in Columbia, as well as the first large-scale cultivation of domesticated plants. In Nuuyoo [2], often referred to as the "Cradle of Agriculture" of the continent, this process would begin the earliest. Squash was an early domesticate of the Nuuyooi peoples. Squashes are a family of low-lying, gourd-like plants of the genus Cucurbita, and in their numerous varieties provided an important source of nutrition for the earliest Columbian farmers. Squashes would come to be cultivated independently in the eastern woodlands of the continent, but this separate domestication of the plant came perhaps six thousand years later.
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