Hydrogen bondis maximum in glycerol glycol acetic acid,
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Ethanol has 1 hydroxyl group, ethylene glycol has 2 hydroxyl groups and glycerol has 3 hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups are involved in hydrogen bonding that connects different molecules together.
Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) has only one hydroxyl group, it only requires a little energy to overcome inertia and “shear” one molecule off of a network of molecules, or detach it from the loose interactions with the walls of the container. This helps to set off the lquid in motion (flow) relatively easily, Therefore, ethanol flows almost as well as water does.
Ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) has two hydroxyl groups at either end, there is a possibility of forming longer chains and branches of molecules through hydrogen bonding at either end of the molecule. This makes 2-dimensional networks and entanglements, preventing easy flow of the liquid. Therefore, glycol has higher viscosity.
Glycerol [HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH] has three hydroxyl groups on each of the carbons of the molecule. This allows for hydrogen bonding to create three dimensional networks, in addition to chains and branches. This means that it is exceedingly difficult to “shear” a few molecules away from the rest of the liquid and from the walls of the container. Therefore, glycerol has even higher viscosity.
Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) has only one hydroxyl group, it only requires a little energy to overcome inertia and “shear” one molecule off of a network of molecules, or detach it from the loose interactions with the walls of the container. This helps to set off the lquid in motion (flow) relatively easily, Therefore, ethanol flows almost as well as water does.
Ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) has two hydroxyl groups at either end, there is a possibility of forming longer chains and branches of molecules through hydrogen bonding at either end of the molecule. This makes 2-dimensional networks and entanglements, preventing easy flow of the liquid. Therefore, glycol has higher viscosity.
Glycerol [HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH] has three hydroxyl groups on each of the carbons of the molecule. This allows for hydrogen bonding to create three dimensional networks, in addition to chains and branches. This means that it is exceedingly difficult to “shear” a few molecules away from the rest of the liquid and from the walls of the container. Therefore, glycerol has even higher viscosity.
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