Question

hyposecretion of insulin leads to hyperglycemia. Comment ?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

• Insulin is the hormone secreted by the β - cells in the Islets of Langerhans.
• It is a polypeptide with 51 amino acids.
• It contains two chains :

  A chain : has 21 amino acids

  B chain : has 30 amino acids

Action of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism :

Insulin reduces the blood glucose levels by

• increasing its uptake by the cells
• glycogenesis (conversion of glucose to glycogen i.e., storage form)
• inhibiting glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose)
• inhibiting gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from amino acids)
• increasing the utilization of glucose

So, when there is hyposecretion (i.e., reduced secretion) of insulin, the blood glucose level increases.

Increase of glucose levels in blood is called hyperglycemia.  

The metabolic disorder characterized by it is Diabetes mellitus.