Question

(i) 4 (i kB&24 ns[ksa ) Two men were claiming the Paternity of the same child. Which technique would help to find the real father? (ii) In the techinque, the following steps are followed. Place them in the correct sequence.  Increasing quantity of DNA.  Identifying the unique sequence.  Separating DNA fragments using Electrophoresis.  Isolating DNA from blood sample. (iii) For which of the above steps is PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction used? (iv) To whose DNA sequences are one's DNA sequences similar.

Answer 1

Answer:

1) technique used is DNA testing .

2) a) isolated dna from blood samples

b) increase quantity of dna

c) cutting dna into fragmeny

d) separating dna fragments using electrophoresis

d) identify unique sequence

3) pcr is used to increase quantity of dna

4) there are plandromic sites in dna which is similar to its child dna

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Answer 2

(i) For paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting is used to find out the real father of the child.

DNA fingerprinting is a molecular biology technique which is invented by Alec Jeffery. It is also called DNA profiling. This technique involves the determination of nucleotide sequences of DNA that are unique in each individual. Short nucleotides segments of DNA are unique  and vary in each individual and such sequences are inherited. These sequences are called Variable Number Tandem repeat or minisatellites. These sequences are inherited by every individual from there parents. Half of the VNTR alleles in a child is inherited from mother and other half from father.

(ii) Steps involved in DNA fingerprinting are as follows:

(a) Isolation and extraction of DNA is done from the collected blood samples (nuclei of white blood cells, spermatozoa, hair follicle) of the suspect.

(b) Increasing quantity of DNA.

(c) In the second step of DNA fingerprinting, the DNA molecules are first broken into fragments with the help of restriction endonuclease enzyme. VNTRs are present in the fragments of DNA.

(d)  DNA fragments are separated on the basis of size by using a molecular biology technique called gel electrophoresis.

(iii)

After the separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis according to their size, Polymerase Chain Reaction is used for multiplication of DNA fragments that contains VNTRs. After PCR, fragments of DNA are treated with alkaline chemicals in order to split double stranded DNA fragments into single stranded DNAs.

(iv)

The individual and his child having same VNTRs probes have similar DNA sequnces.