i am in class 12 board cbse i have taken joint vs nuclear family as a topic for project file so could anyone suggest me a hypothesis or a question to do research on and some case studies plzz reply fast...
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Answer:MARKING SCHEME
CLASS XII
SCIENCE SUBJECTS
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
DELHI
2006
MARKING SCHEME
2006
CLASS XII
SCIENCE SUBJECTS
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
DELHI
(iii)
CBSE, Delhi-110092
Sept., 2006 : 250 Copies
Price : Rs. 120.00
Manuscript as such highlights the main value points and does not represent a complete ideal answer.
Manuscript may vary from time to time and year to year.
Published by Shri Vineet Joshi, Secretary, C.B.S.E. 'Shiksha Kendra', 2, Community Centre,
Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110092. Laser typesetting and Printed by Akashdeep Printers, Daryaganj,
New Delhi-110002
PREFACE
CBSE as a pace setting national Board has constantly been striving to design its evaluation
process in a manner that it is used as a powerful means of influencing the quality of teaching and learning
in the classroom situation. Also, it has to be so designed that it provides constant feedback regarding
the effectiveness of the course content, classroom processes and the growth of individual learners
besides the appropriateness of evaluation procedures.
As a move in this direction, CBSE started the practice of publishing the Marking Schemes with
twin objectives in mind-(i) making the system more transparent and at the same time, (ii) ensuring high
degree of reliability in scoring procedure.
Who are the makers of answer scripts? How do they mark the answer scripts? How can it be
ensured that marking is fair, objective and reliable? Questions of these types naturally arise in the minds
of candidates appearing in the public examination. These questions are equally pertinent to the teachers
who are not adequately exposed to the CBSE system of marking.
Answer Scripts marking is a specialised job. It is assigned to teachers-PGTs for Class XII and
TGTs for Class X who are in direct touch with the subject and have a minimum of 3 years experience
of teaching the subject at that level. Appointment of examiners is made in accordance with the welldefined norms. Markers examine scripts with the help of datailed guidelines called the 'Marking Schemes'.
It is this tool (Marking Scheme) alongwith the extensive supervisory checks and counter-checks
through which CBSE tries to ensure objective and fair marking. The present publication is being brought
out with a view to serving the following objectives :
(i) To give an opportunity to the teachers and students to look into the Marking Schemes that
were developed by the Board and supplied to the evaluators in 2006 main examination in
some selected main subjects.
(ii) To receive feedback and suggestions from institutions/subject teachers on the utility and
further improvement of Marking Schemes.
(iii) To encourage institutions to undertake similar exercise of developing marking schemes for
classes other than those covered by the Board's examination with a view to increasing
teachers' responsiveness to them as the essential tools of evaluation.
HOW TO USE
Teachers and the students preparing for Class XII examination of the Board constitute the
primary interest-group of this publication. Marking Schemes of Question Papers in the subjects of
English Core, Functional English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Bio-technology, Information
Practices, Computer Science and Enginering Drawing administered in Delhi and Outside Delhi during
the 2006 main examination have been included in this document. Some tips on their usage are given
below :
(a) To Teachers :
--- Go through the syllabus and the weightage distribution for the subject carefully.
--- Read the question paper to find out how far the question paper set subscribes to the
prescribed design. Grade every question by difficulty level for students who have taken the
main Board examination.
--- Consult the 'Marking Scheme' for each question, with reference to steps into which answers
and awards have been divided.
--- Work out concrete suggestions for the Board.
(b) To Students :
--- Study each question carefully, comprehend them and write down the main points of the
answer and note down their difficulties for clarification.
--- Examine a question in conjunction with the Marking Scheme and find out the proximity of
the answer to that suggested in the Marking Scheme.
--- We will feel motivated if this publication is commented upon by practitioners in the context
of its impact on their teaching learning strategies. Contribution of the experts and the officials
of the Board in bringing out this document is gratefully acknowledged.
We urge the teachers to encourage their students to make use of this publication and at the same
time to enrich us with their free and frank reactions.
M.C. SHARMA
CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS