I have speaking test in my school so help me ok my topic is" industrialisation and its impact "
Answers
During the past several hundred years, humans have begun to industrialize rapidly. Tons of new technologies with all sorts of capabilities have sprung up. In many cases, these added capabilities have been used to manipulate natural things for human benefit, often at the expense of other things. On the other hand, technological advancement has required that humans come to a better understanding of the world, bringing with it a greater potential to do good, to manipulate things for the benefit of the planet.
People can now spend entire days indoors, without ever even being aware of whether or not the sun is shining. Food is available at the grocery store, in neat little packages that may be consumed at whim. Fruits and vegetables once considered seasonal are now available year-round. We can splice genes, create entirely new living things with weird abilities (plants that can repel pests without needing to be sprayed with pesticide? Animals that grow so large that their skeletons cannot support them?). The list goes on and on. The question is, what does all of this mean? What have we done with these remarkable abilities?
Technology has allowed us a certain degree of freedom from consequences. We can do things now that we never could have done before without a certain degree of human suffering. The major example of this, of course, is population growth. It all started back when we were hunter-gatherers: bands of people remained fairly small because that was all that the environment could support. There simply wasn’t enough food for anyone else. With the advent of agriculture, large civilizations began to develop because agriculture brought with it the ability to extract more nutrition from a smaller area of land. Since those early days, this has continued to be true of many technologies:
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The process of industrialization has transformed the entire old socio-economic structure which was founded on traditional feudal and pre-feudal principles of birth and status. It has brought about changes in property system and in division of labour, and has given rise to new social strata and classes which stand above the traditional division of region and religion.
Industrialization
Industrialization has brought about many changes non-existent in pre-industrial societies. It has introduced new social relation, urbanisation, geographical concentration of people and changes in occupational structure. It has resulted in certain common features which are different from the features of pre-industrial or traditional agricultural societies. Various changes that have taken place in political, educational, religious, familial and stratification spheres due to impact of industrialization are discussed below.
Political:
Capitalism was already well set by the time industrial revolution commenced. It stimulated the growth of industry as large machines were costly and individual worker could not purchase for use. The weaving industry was the first to come fully under the grip of capitalists. Role of weaver got confined to labour selling and wage earning.
These in fact came to be established, owned and controlled by capitalists. Under the new system the workers were rendered completely dependent on their employers. They lived together, in large agglomerating, in absolute misery and total poverty.
Education:
The people in the pre-industrial West in general were illiterate. There was not much need for literacy. Learning was the privilege of the aristocrats, vocation of the priest and a necessity for the trader. National educational system did not exist in any European country.
There were public schools for well to do. The atmosphere in these schools was not good. Flogging was common. Dr. Arnold, the Principal of Rugby, in England, improved the conditions there. He insisted on religion and morality being accepted as the basis of education.