Question

I. Long answer type questions
1. Write about the early life of Muhammad.
2. Write about the Five Pillars' of Islam.
3. Write in brief about the spread of Islamic civilization in Middle East.
4. Write about the Umayyads.
5. Write about the Abbasids.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

1. Muhammad was born around 570, AD in Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia). His father died before he was born and he was raised first by his grandfather and then his uncle. He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. The family was active in Meccan politics and trade.
2. The five pillars – the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj) – constitute the basic norms of Islamic practice. They are accepted by Muslims globally irrespective of ethnic, regional or sectarian differences.
3. Islam came to the Southeast Asia, first by the way of Muslim traders along the main trade-route between Asia and the Far East, then was further spread by Sufi orders and finally consolidated by the expansion of the territories of converted rulers and their communities.
4. The Umayyads were the first Muslim dynasty, established in 661 in Damascus. Their dynasty succeeded the leadership of the first four caliphs—Abū Bakr, ʿUmar I, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī. It was established by Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, a native of Mecca and a contemporary of the Prophet Muḥammad.
5. The Abbasid Caliphate was a major dynasty that ruled over the Islamic Empire during its peak. ... The Abbasids shifted their capital from Damascus to Baghdad. The Arab Empire under the Abbasids emerged as one of the most powerful, prosperous and enlightened regions in the world.

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