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Circuit GlobeComparisonsDifference Between Metals and Non-Metals

Difference Between Metals and Non-Metals

Metals and non-metals are substances that can be differentiated on the basis of various physical and chemical properties. Metals are the elements that are generally hard as strong metallic bond exists between the atoms. As against non-metals are the elements which are usually soft.

Generally, the elements containing 1,2 or 3 electrons in the valence shell of their structure are known as metals. While the elements with 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost shell are known as non-metals.

A large number of elements present in the periodic table are metals while a minority of elements in the periodic table are non-metals. Here we will understand how the various factors differentiate the two.

Content: Metal Vs Non-metal

Comparison Chart

Definition

Key Differences

Applications

Examples

Conclusion

Comparison Chart

Basis for Comparison Metals Non-Metals

Number of electrons Contains 1,2 or 3 electrons in valence shell (except hydrogen) Contains 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in valence shell.

Conducting property Good conductors Bad conductors

Tensile strength High Low

Melting and Boiling point High Comparitively very low

Existence in periodic table Left side Right side

Nature Electropositive Electronegative

Bond Metallic bond Covalent bond

State Generally solid (exception mercury and gallium) Solid, liquid and gas

Density High Low

Forms Cation Anion

Malleability and Ductility These are malleable and ductile These are non-malleable and non-ductile in nature.

Structure Hard Soft

Definition of Metals

Metals are those substances that are hard and holds the property of thermal and electrical conductivity (except tungsten). These materials are lustrous in nature and thus polishing of such elements gives rise to a reflecting surface.

metal

The reason behind this is that metals have free electrons present in their structure. And these free electrons vibrate when then the surface is exposed to light and thus appears as a shiny surface. However, lead stands as an exception for this particular property because lead is a metal with a dull appearance.

Metals are usually found in solid-state but mercury is an exception as it is a metal present in liquid form. Along with this, sodium and potassium are the metals that can be cut down with a knife without any sort of great force as these substances are not too hard.