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Answer 1

Answer:

9.spin quantum number :

The electron spin quantum number is independent of the values of n, l, and ml. The value of this number gives insight into the direction in which the electron is spinning, and is denoted by the symbol ms.

The value of ms offers insight into the direction in which the electron is spinning. The possible values of the electron spin quantum number are +½ and -½.

Azimuthal quantum number :

The azimuthal (or orbital angular momentum) quantum number describes the shape of a given orbital. It is denoted by the symbol ‘l’ and its value is equal to the total number of angular nodes in the orbital.A value of the azimuthal quantum number can indicate either an s, p, d, or f subshell which vary in shapes. This value depends on (and is capped by) the value of the principal quantum number, i.e. the value of the azimuthal quantum number ranges between 0 and (n-1).

10.Principal quantum numbers are denoted by the symbol ‘n’. They designate the principal electron shell of the atom. Since the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electrons is described by it, a larger value of the principal quantum number implies a greater distance between the electron and the nucleus (which, in turn, implies a greater atomic size).

The value of the principal quantum number can be any integer with a positive value that is equal to or greater than one. The value n=1 denotes the innermost electron shell of an atom, which corresponds to the lowest energy state (or the ground state) of an electron.

HUND's rule:

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

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