I need help with my homework, here are some questions. Answer all of these questions and use quotes from the philosophers and you will get a substantial amount of points for doing so. Thank you to those who answer!
1. According to Hume, what would be the difference between being an eye witness to a murder and reading about a murder in the newspaper?
2. What, according to Hume, is the relationship between morality and sentiment? AND What is the relationship between morality and understanding?
3. Using Thoreau’s metaphors, how must one respond to slavery? AND What are the literal meaning of these metaphors?
4. According to Kant’s Categorical Imperative, is it ever right to kill someone? Explain why or why not.
5. According to Mill’s Utilitarianism, is it ever right to kill someone? Explain why or why not.
6. According to Nietzsche, does morality of any kind have value? Explain why or why not.
7. Why is imagining Camus’ Sisyphus happy significant?
8. Using Sartre’s definition of “anguish,” what is the argument against murder?
9. Using Ayer’s own words, why does he say that “ethics, as a branch of knowledge, is nothing more than a department of psychology and sociology”?
10. According to Nagel, what is the culpability of an officer in a Nazi concentration camp?
Answers
1) According to Hume Eyewitnesses will offer terribly compelling legal testimony, however instead of recording experiences cleanly, their reminiscences are prone to a spread of errors and biases. They (like the remainder of us) will create errors in basic cognitive process specific details and may even bear in mind whole events that failed to truly happen. During this module, we have a tendency to discuss many of the common forms of errors, and what they will tell America concerning human memory and its interactions with the system.
2) According to Hume, morality isn't a matter of truth derived from expertise. To prove his purpose, he suggests we tend to examine ourselves with relation to any supposed ethical misbehavior, like murder. If we tend to examine the act of murder, we will discover no plan of that quality of immorality, or “vice.” Rather, we are going to discover solely the robust feeling of dislike we've for murder. This supports the thought that morality resides in passions, or “sentiment,” not in reason. Though reason will facilitate United States make a case for those feelings, it's not their origin.
3) According to Thoreau's metaphors slavery is a moral evil that should be eliminated. You will pardon some obscurities,” Thoreau asks his readers in Walden, “for there are more secrets in my trade than in most men’s, and however not voluntarily unbroken, however indivisible from it’s terribly nature”
4) Emmanuel Kant’s tackle ethics stands move into stark distinction to the utilitarianism views of Bentham. His moral principle may be a deontological moral theory, which suggests it's supported the thought that there are sure objective moral rules within the world. “Deontology” comes from the Greek word “deon” which means duty – in different words, deontological minded philosophers believe we've got a obligation to act in sure ways in which, in accordance with ethical laws. Kant’s version is probably the foremost well-known, and depends heavily on his concept all folks are essentially capable of reasoning within the same manner and on the identical level.
5) Utilitarianism is one among the simplest familiar and most potent ethical theories. Like alternative styles of consequential ism, its core plan is that whether or not actions are virtuously right or wrong depends on their effects. Additional specifically, the sole effects of actions that are relevant are the nice and dangerous results that they turn out. A key purpose during this article considerations the excellence between individual actions and kinds of actions. Act utilitarians specialist in the results of individual actions (such as reformist Booth’s assassination of Abraham Lincoln) whereas rule utilitarians specialist in the results of varieties of actions (such as killing or stealing). Utilitarians believe that the aim of morality is to create life higher by increasing the number of excellent things (such as pleasure and happiness) within the world and decreasing the number of dangerous things (such as pain and unhappiness).
6) Nietzsche's philosophy is primarily crucial in orientation: he attacks morality each for its commitment to indefensible descriptive (metaphysical and empirical) claims regarding human agency, also as for the hurtful impact of its distinctive norms and values on the flourishing of the very best styles of mortals (Nietzsche's “higher men”). His positive moral views are best understood as combining (i) a form of consequentialist disposition as Nietzsche's implicit theory of the nice, with (ii) a conception of human perfection involving each formal and substantive component. as a result of Nietzsche, however, is AN anti-realist regarding price, he takes neither his positive vision, nor those aspects of his critique that rely upon it, to possess any special epistemological standing, a reality that helps justify his rhetoric and therefore the discreet character of his “esoteric” philosophizing.
7) Camus presents the parable of Sisyphus as associate degree allegory making an attempt to justify that life is pointless and absurd, however still ought to be taken as a challenge. Sisyphus could be a image of humanity as a full and Sisyphus’ penalization symbolizes what we have a tendency to do each single day throughout our lives. In Camus’ read, our actions are as pointless and bootless rather like Sisyphus’ boulder-rolling.
8)Taking a guess supported simply goggling, “Sartre's definition of anguish” therefore I may be means off however i am going to say the argument against murder in existential thought is that it'd hurt you worst of all, perhaps even worse than the person dead (!),