Question

I need help with this ANIMAL CLADOGRAM.

Answer 1

cladograms I is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny. A cladogram is used by a scientist studying phylogenetic systematics to visualize the groups of organisms being compared, how they are related, and their most common ancestors. A cladogram can be simple, comparing only two or three groups of organisms, or it can be enormously complex and contain all the known forms of life.

Cladogram design is universal, although simple. A cladogram consists of the organisms being studied, lines, and nodes where those lines cross. The lines represent evolutionary time, or a series of organisms that lead to the populationit connects to. Nodes represent common ancestors between species. At some point in the past a population of common ancestor organisms was divided, giving rise to the different organisms being studied. Some cladograms show evolutionary time through the scale of the lines, longer lines meaning more time. Some cladograms chose to show extinct species, while others omit them. Any particular cladogram is formulated specifically for the use it is needed.

A cladogram gets its name from the clades, or groups of organisms that are displayed. A clade is a group of living organisms and the common ancestor they are derived from. Scientist use synapomophies, or shared derived characters, to define these groups. For instance, mammary glands are a shared characteristic of mammals. All mammals and their oldest common ancestor, had or have mammary glands. Thus, if we are looking at an unidentified animal and trying to place it in a cladogram, if it has mammary glands we know it belongs in that branch. 

Answer 2

Answer:

a. Jaws

b. Claws or nails

c. Feathers

d. Mouse

Explanation:

a. Its jaws because it is the only trait behind the perch, meaning all the animals starting from the perch to the chimp will have jaws. However, since no trait was behind it, it is only one the perch will have.

b. The salamander only has lungs and jaws while the lizard has lungs, jaws, and claws or nails.

c. Only the pigeon will have feathers because as it is only present near its branch.

d. The mouse is the closest organism to chimp in cladogram.