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Answers
1)the B and C contains sugar and salt which are concentrated hence water gathers
2)to compare the results of the experiment with B and C , Potato A is necessary
3) the water did not gathered in A and D because in A there is no osmosis taken place and in D potato as it is boiled i.e less concentrated the water doesn't gathered....
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Osmosis, the process in which solvent molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, can easily be demonstrated with potato experiments. Potatoes are full of both water and starch, and will gain water when immersed in watery solutions.
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(i) Water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C because of the process of end osmosis (moving in of the solvent). A potato is made up of several cells, and the cell membranes are selectively permeable. As the cups B and C are filled with sugar and salt respectively and their outer part is in contact with the water, the concentration of water outside the cups is higher than inside the cups, so water moves from its higher concentration towards the lower concentration, i.e., inside the cup.
(ii) Potato A acts as a control of the experiment. It is very necessary for comparing the results of the experiment and shows that if the conc. of water is same on both sides, there will be no movement of water.
(iii) Water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A as it does not contain hypertonic solution so there is no concentration difference. Water does not gather in the cup D as the cells of boiled potato are dead and hence no osmosis occurs.
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