Question

i) Read the following paragraph and answer the question based on it. Rhizobia living in root nodules supply nitrates, nitrites and amino acids to that plant and in exchange get energy in the form of carbohydrates from it. Such a mutually beneficial relationship is called symbiosis. Rhizobia produce nitrogenous compounds from atmospheric nitrogen. However, for this process of nitrogen fixation, they need leguminous plants like beans, sweet pea, soyabean, etc. as 'host'. Beans and pulses are rich in proteins due to the nitrogenous compounds made available by rhizobia. After harvesting a leguminous crop, the left over roots and other plant parts are deliberately dumped in farm soil to maintain its bacterial population. The use of rhizobium has helped to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and thereby their adverse effects. It has also helped to reduce expenses on fertilizers and thus I works to the benefit of farmers. Nowadays, seeds are coated with rhizobial solution or powder before sowing. After sowing, rhizobia enter the plantlets. This is called 'rhizobial inoculation'. This experiment has helped in the supply of nitrogen to cereal and other crops, besides leguminous crops. 1 1
a) What is symbiosis relationship? b) Which plant act as host to Rhizobia bacteria? c) Explain the process of rhizobial inoculation. d) Give reason - Why does left over roots and other plant parts are deliberately dumped in farm soil after harvesting a leguminous crop? 2​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species
2. beans, sweet pea, soyabean, etc. as 'host'. Beans and pulses are rich in proteins due to the nitrogenous compounds made available by rhizobia.
3. Inoculation is the process of introducing the appropriate Rhizobium bacteria to the soil in numbers sufficient to ensure successful nodulation
4. Farmers use leguminous crops to provide nitrogen to the soil because nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in roots of leguminous plants like as peas, pulses crop etc. These bacteria (like rhizobium) atmospheric nitrogen fixed in the soil.

Explanation:

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