(I)Sketch internal structure of human heart
(II) Sketch TS of anther with proper labels.
(III) Classify cancer in to diffrent groups
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Answers
a. The mammalian heart is basically four-chambered which is enclosed in a cavity called pericardium in between the layers of pericardium is present filled with pericardial fluid. The four-chambered heart has two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium is separated from the left atrium by an intrauricular septum and the right ventricle is separated from the left ventricle by an intraventricular septum. The right atrium has two veins : superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. Superior vena cava basically brings deoxygenated blood from the head and the upper region of the body. Inferior vena cava brings oxygenated blood from the lower region of the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs by pulmonary veins. The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to push blood to all parts of the body at a much greater pressure. The valve separating the left atrium and left ventricle is called the bicuspid valve or mitral valve. The wall separating the right auricle from the right ventricle is known as tricuspid valve.
b. The male reproductive part of a flower is called androecium. It has two parts : a stalk like filament and a knob like terminal anther. Each anther has two lobes i.e. bilobed.
c. Cancer : It is also know as malignant neoplasm. It is a dreadful disease where there is uncontrolled (poliferation) division of cells without any differentiation. It is a result of mutation. A property called contact inhibition in present in healthy cells. Cancer cells are devoid of this property. Tumor is basically of two types : Benign and Malignant.
Extra material : Chordae tendineae are the special fibrous cords attached to the flaps of bicuspid and tricuspid valves and are joined to the other ends with the papillary muscles. Semilunar valves are present where arteries leave the heart. The valves of the heart maintain unidirectional flow of blood and prevent its regurgitation in the opposite direction.
◉HUMAN HEART:-
The Human Heart is a muscular organ and a four - chambered organ. It is Shaped like a man's closed fist with two - third of the mass to the left of midline.
Three layers of tissue form the heart wall. The outer wall is epicardium, The middle layer is myocardium, The inner layer is endocardium.
There are four chambers in human heart.
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
The two atria are thin - walled chambers that receive blood from the veins. The two ventricles are thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart.
The Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins, The Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary veins.
◉ ANTHER:-
Anthers are discrete pollen containing units, found in the stamens of the great majority of angiosperms. It consists of two compartments called thecae. with each theca containing two microsporangia. The tissue between and interconnting the two thecae is called the connective.
A normal bithecous or dithecous anther is made up of two anther lobes. Two anther lobes contain four elongated cavities or pollen sacs in which pollen grains are produced.
◉CANCER:-
There are four main types of Cancer.
- Lymphomas:- Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and glands that help fight infection.
- Leukemias:- It is a cancer of Blood. It occurs when healthy blood cells change and grow uncontrollably.
- Sarcomas:- A sacroma begins in a tissue that supports and connects the body. A sacroma can connect in fat, muscles, nerves,blood vessels, lymph vessels, cartilage or bone.
- Carcinomas:- A carcinomas begin in the skin or in the tissue that covers the surface of internal organs and glands. It usually forms solid tumors.
