i) The word medieval comes from a Latin/ Greek/ Persian word which means time in the middle. ii) The teachings of Jesus were spread in Paris/ Palestine/ Portugal by Peter and later by Paul. iii) The Crusaders learned horse riding/ use of gunpowder/ ship making from the Turks. iv) The Church of Rome fostered religious and cultural/ political/economic unity in Western Europe in the Medieval Period. v) In 712 CE, Muhammad bin Tughlaq/ Muhammad bin Qasim/ Muhammad Shah attacked Sind and captured the entire province. vi) The Umayyad Caliphs established their capital at Damascus/ Denmark/ Dominican Republic. vii) The Arabs established several trade settlements on the western/ eastern/ northwestern coast of India. viii) Constantine/ Ceaser/ Claudius defeated all his rivals and established himself as the undisputed emperor of a unified Roman empire. ix) For almost 300 years after the death of Jesus, Christians / Jews/ Muslims were a religious minority within the Roman empire. x) Nuns/ Nurse/ Monks lived in separate monasteries known as nunneries or convents.
Answers
Answer:
What are the different types of online learning? Which is best for my course?
“E-Learning and Blended Learning,” by Helen Ritchie from Storytelling, part of the SAGE Video collection
There are different ways to structure an online course: an instructor can let students review materials on their own time, use video conferencing to livestream a lecture, or implement hands-on “classroom” sessions. This video discusses different approaches and how they can be combined.
How do I adapt a face-to-face course to online?
“Lost in Translation: Adapting a Face-to-Face Course Into an Online Learning Experience,” by Melissa J. Kenzig in Health Promotion Practice, July 2015
Many instructors being asked to adapt their face-to-face courses to an online environment do not have sufficient training do so. This commentary shares challenges faced by instructors adapting courses from face-to-face to online, best practices, and common mistakes.
How do I motivate and engage in an online environment?
“A Practical Guide, With Theoretical Underpinnings, for Creating Effective Virtual Reality Learning Environments,” by Eileen A. O’Connor and Jelia Domingo in Journal of Educational Technology Systems, February 2017
Based on many years experience, the authors suggest educationally productive, research-supported ways to create learning environments that can motivate, engage, and educate participants in an online environment. Scroll down to the section titled “General Application” to find ideas related to “ice breakers” and community interactions, bringing in external speakers, virtual poster sessions, role playing, shared problem-solving, and more.
What are the other challenges related to online learning to be wary of?
“Issues and Challenges for Teaching Successful Online Courses in Higher Education: A Literature Review,” by Masureh Kebritchi, Angie Lipschuetx, and Lilia Santiague in Journal of Educational Technology Systems, August 2017
This article identifies the major issues related to online learning that instructors and institutions should be wary of such as:
Learner issues: learners’ expectations, readiness, and participation
Instructor issues: making the transition from face-to-face to online, managing time, and finding appropriate teaching styles
Content issues: the role of instructors in content development, integration of multimedia, and the role of instructional strategies in content development
How can I ensure quality of participation?
“Student Participation,” by Jean A. Stuntz from The SAGE Encyclopedia of Online Education edited by Steven L. Danver
Participation in an online course calls for interaction with the materials, students, and the instructor. The entry digs into why intuitive communication and navigation is necessary for quality participation, as well as different hands-on and hands-off approaches for instructors to implement from the beginning.
How can I add the “human touch” and maintain student retention?
“Adding the Human Touch to Asynchronous Online Learning,” by Cynthia Wheatley Glenn in Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, March 2016
This article shares ways to extend the “human touch” in an online environment in a way that will improve student retention (scroll down to the section “Variables that Improve Student Retention”).
How do I integrate small group work in online courses?
“Online Course Student Collaboration Literature: A Review and Critique,” by Maura R. Cherney, Michelle Fetherston, and Lauren Jean Johnsen in Small Group Research, August 2017
Through a meta-synthesis of 41 articles related to small group work in online courses, the article addresses questions about group size (what’s optimal?), assembling a group (how do I split up students?), assigning roles to group members, “free-riding” and more.