I want summary of covid 19 passage in English
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Answer:
Many people with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic 9. Symptoms and signs of COVID-19 are non-specific 1 but in symptomatic individuals most commonly include:
fever (85-90%)
cough (65-70%) with sputum in 30-35%
smell and taste disturbances (50%) 12
fatigue (35-40%)
shortness of breath (15-20%)
Complications
The likelihood of severe illness requiring hospitalization correlates closely with male sex, advanced age and presence of comorbidities.
~5% admitted patients require ITU admission.
Multiple serious sequelae have been reported including:
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
coagulopathy: including PE and DIC
secondary infections, e.g. bacterial pneumonia
sepsis
acute kidney injury (AKI)
multiorgan failure
secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Pathology
SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus, one of the genera of the Coronaviridae family of viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is indirectly zoonotic, but transmission is now primarily interhuman. The closest animal coronavirus by genetic sequence is a bat coronavirus 5. The cause of death is usually respiratory failure secondary to massive alveolar injury.
Radiographic features
The primary findings of COVID-19 are those of atypical or organizing pneumonia 2,3. Up to 18% of cases demonstrate normal chest x-rays or CT when mild/early in the disease course 10. Bilateral and/or multilobar involvement is common, more often with a lower zone distribution.
Plain radiograph
patchy or diffuse airspace opacities, whether consolidation or ground-glass opacity 10,11
pleural effusion is rare 11
CT
The primary findings on CT in adults have been reported as 2,3:
ground-glass opacities (GGO)
crazy paving appearance (GGOs with inter-/intra-lobular septal thickening)
air space consolidation
bronchovascular thickening in the lesion
traction bronchiectasis
Treatment and prognosis
Treatment is primarily supportive including ventilation for some patients. Dexamethasone has been shown to reduce mortality in ventilated patients or on oxygen therapy 14.
No vaccine is currently available but this area is being actively researched (August 2020). The mortality rate is estimated to be 3.6% 10.
Differential diagnoses
influenza or parainfluenza virus and other causes of atypical pneumonia 7,8
interstitial lung disease (ILD) 9
pulmonary edema 7
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Cases and figures
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4: with rapidly progressive ARDS
Case 5: COVID-19 pneumonia - pediatric
Case 6
Case 7
Case 8
Case 9
Case 10
Case 11
Imaging differential diagnosis
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