Question

ice at 0 degree gives more effective cooling than water at zero degree why

Answer 1

To allow cooling of the surrounding atmosphere, heat has to be absorbed by a substance from the atmosphere so that the temperature of the atmosphere lowers down. Ice at 0°C converts from water at 0°C by absorbing 335 J of heat per gram while water at 1°C absorbs  only 4.184 J of energy per gram to reach 0°C. Thus there is a huge difference between 4.184 and 335. Therefore ice is a better cooling agent than water.

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Answer 2

due to absorption of energy from the atmosphere or due to latent heat absorption or evolution i.e,of 335J or of 4357 J