Question

ich geneticists Francois Jacob and Jack Monad proposed a model for
wynthesis with the help of DNA in bacterial cells. It helped to uncover the
ten in DNA. Thereby, the technique of recombinant DNA technology
vast scope in the field of genetic engineering
heredity is useful for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hereditary
n of hybrid varieties of animals and plants and in industrial processes in
nslation and Translocation
1. Sketch and explain the structure of DNA and various types of RNA.
?
2. Explain the meaning of genetic disorders and give names of some
disorders.
NA, the genes present in the form of DNA participate in the functioning
rol the structure and functioning of the body. Information about protein
he DNA and synthesis of appropriate proteins as per requirement i
ese proteins are synthesized by DNA through the RNA. This is calle
duced as per the sequence of nucleotides on DNA. Only o​

Answer 1

Answer:

Genetically modified or ‘transgenic’ mice are a routine experimental tool in biomedical research, commonly produced by injecting DNA into one-cell embryos. These animals were independently invented in 1980 by multiple university groups in the United States and Europe that combined expertise in mouse developmental biology and recombinant DNA techniques, or ‘genetic engineering’. In this article, I examine this multiple invention and argue that research strategies, experimental practices, and funding arrangements that led to transgenic mice are best described as tinkering. These creative and speculative endeavors, combined with partial knowledge of what was happening in competing laboratories, created a fruitful atmosphere for research which led to the multiple invention. The tinkering was, however, underpinned by infrastructures that were crucial to success, some long established, such as mouse supply or embryological tools, and some emerging, such as the informal exchange of isolated genes.

KEYWORDS: Transgenic mice, tinkering, infrastructure, genetic engineering, molecular biology, developmental biology

Genetically modified, or transgenic, mice have become a routine tool in biomedical laboratories across the world, and while the overall use of lab animals has steadily declined since the 1980s, the number of