Question

Ideas of national unity in early 19th century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. What did it mean for the middle class in France? Explain

Answer 1

1. In France, during the 19th century the term liberal was used to refer to economic liberalism or the traditional liberal anti-clericalism.

2. The people were inspired by the ideas of liberal thinkers like Montesquieu and Voltaire. Lafayette, Francois Guizot and Benjamin Constant were some of the liberal leaders of France.

3. Economic liberalism was associated with the Orleanists and Opportunist Republicans. The Orleanists favoured constitutional monarchy.

4. The Radical Party was associated with political liberalism. It supported individual liberty and secularism.

For the middle class in France liberalism meant a constitutional limited government, rise of socialism and a welfare state, free trade, liberty and freedom of speech.

Answer 2

1.for the new middle classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

2.politically,it emphasised the concept of government by consent.

3.It stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges a constitution and representative government through parliament.