Question

Idenify one cation and one anion in the given unknown salt m1 by performing dry tests

Answer 1

Explanation:

Aim:

To identify the anionic radicals present in an inorganic mixture of salts by performing various tests.

Theory:

Qualitative analysis involves the detection and identification of acidic and basic radicals present in inorganic salts. Inorganic salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases or acidic oxides with a base or basic oxides.

Some of the examples of the reaction of acids and bases or acidic oxides with a base or basic oxides are

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O

KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Most of the organic compounds are crystalline solids as they have defined geometrical shapes. Usually, they consist of oppositely charged particles or ions called radicals.

In the salt analysis, two fundamental principles are of great use

Solubility Product

Common Ion Effect

1. Solubility Product:

Solubility product is defined as a product of ion concentrations elevated to a power equal to the number of occurrences of ions in an equation representing electrolyte dissociation at a given temperature when the solution is saturated. Under all conditions, the solubility product is not the ionic product, but only if the solution is saturated.

2. Common Ion Effect:

The phenomenon that suppresses the degree of dissociation of any weak electrolyte by adding a small amount of strong electrolyte that contains a common ion is called the common ion effect. For example, by adding a strong electrolyte sodium acetate containing common acetate ion, ionization of weak electrolyte acetic acid is suppressed.

Materials Required:

1. Test tubes
2. Boiling tubes
3. Test tube holder
4. Test tube stand
5. Corks
6. Filter paper
7. Delivery tube
8. Reagents