Question

Identification of gene and its function plays an important role in the field of biology discuss

(5mark) 12th bio-zoology

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Answer 1

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins

The process of gene expression is used by all living organisms, from the simplest prokaryote to the most complex eukaryote. And each cell in these organisms regulates gene expression to produce only the necessary proteins. ... Thus, gene regulation is the basis for cellular differentiation and morphogenesis.

Answer 2

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) inhibit tumor cell growth and survival, possibly through their ability to regulate the expression of specific proliferative and/or apoptotic genes. However, the HDACi-regulated genes necessary and/or sufficient for their biological effects remain undefined. We demonstrate that the HDACis suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and depsipeptide regulate a highly overlapping gene set with at least 22% of genes showing altered expression over a 16-h culture period. SAHA and depsipeptide coordinately regulated the expression of several genes within distinct apoptosis and cell cycle pathways. Multiple genes within the Myc, type β TGF, cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase, TNF, Bcl-2, and caspase pathways were regulated in a manner that favored induction of apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation. APAF-1, a gene central to the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, was induced by SAHA and depsipeptide and shown to be important, but not essential, for HDACi-induced cell death. Overexpression of p16INK4A and arrest of cells in G1 can suppress HDACi-mediated apoptosis. Although p16INK4A did not affect the genome-wide transcription changes mediated by SAHA, a small number of apoptotic genes, including BCLXLand B-MYB, were differentially regulated in a manner consistent with attenuated HDACi-mediated apoptosis in arrested cells. We demonstrate that different HDACi alter transcription of a large and common set of genes that control diverse molecular pathways important for cell survival and proliferation. The ability of HDACi to target multiple apoptotic and cell proliferation pathways may provide a competitive advantage over other chemotherapeutic agents because suppression/loss of a single pathway may not confer resistance to these agents.