Question

Identification of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped,smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides. Draw their labeled diagrams.

Answer 1

Answer:

Parenchyma tissue is composed of thin-walled cells and makes up the photosynthetic tissue in leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of many seeds. Collenchyma cells mainly form supporting tissue and have irregular cell walls. They are found mainly in the cortex of stems and in leaves.

Collenchyma, in plants, support tissue of living elongated cells with irregular cell walls. Collenchyma cells have thick deposits of cellulose in their cell walls and appear polygonal in cross section. The strength of the tissue results from these thickened cell walls and the longitudinal interlocking of the cells.

Sclerenchyma is one of the three types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants; the other two types are parenchyma (living thin-walled tissue) and collenchyma (living support tissue with irregular walls). Sclerenchyma cells occur in many different shapes and sizes, but two main types occur: fibres and sclereids.

Skeletal (AKA striped/ striated) muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. It is a form of striated muscle tissue which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons.

Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vessels and organs. Smooth muscle is composed of sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells. These cells have fibers of actin and myosin which run through the cell and are supported by a framework of other proteins

Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscles, with the other two being skeletal and smooth muscles. It is involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart.

Neurons, also known as nerve cells, send and receive signals from your brain. While neurons have a lot in common with other types of cells, they're structurally and functionally unique. Specialized projections called axons allow neurons to transmit electrical and chemical signals to other cells.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Identifying features of Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, cardiac muscle fiber, and nerve cells:

Identifying features of Parenchyma:

• Presence of Isodiametric cells

• Absence of intercellular spaces

Identifying features of Collenchyma :

• Presence of thickenings at the corners of the cells which are usually made of pectin and cellulose.

• Absence of intercellular spaces

Identifying features of Sclerenchyma:

• The presence of cell wall thickenings made up of lignin

• Presence of pits

Identifying features of Cardiac muscle:

• Presence of intercalated discs

• Presence of alternating light and dark bands

Identifying features of Nerve cells:

• Presence of a long cytoplasmic extension called an axon.
• Presence on nodes of Ranvier, that is gaps between the myelin sheath.