Identification of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues in plants, from prepared slides. Draw their labeled diagrams.
Answers
Objective:
To identify parenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plants from prepared slides and to draw their labeled diagrams.
Apparatus and materials required:
Permanent slides of parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and a compound microscope.
Theory:
A group of cells of the same size and shape, or of a mixed type, having a common origin and performing an identical function is called tissue. Plant tissues are of two types—meristematic and permanent. Meristematic tissue cells are capable of dividing, while permanent tissue cells are not. Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the three types of simple permanent tissues.
Procedure:
1. Take a permanent slide of parenchyma and study under the low magnification and then under the high magnification of microscope.
2. Similarly place and study the other permanent slides of sclerenchyma.
Observations:
The first slide of parenchymatous cells reveals the following features:
Characters of Parenchyma:
1. The cells are generally oval or spherical in shape.
2. These cells are large and are not packed closely, i.e., intercellular spaces are present.
3. Each cell has a large central vacuole and a peripheral cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus.
4. These living cells are found in the soft parts of the plants, i.e., root, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
5. The important functions of these cells are storage of food, filling up spaces between other tissues and providing support to the plant. When they contain chloroplasts as in leaves, they help in the synthesis of food.
The slides of sclerenchymatous cells show the following identifying features:
Characters of Sclerenchyma:
1. Cells are thick-walled, hard and contain little or no protoplasm.
2. The cells are oval, polygonal and are of different shapes.
3. The cells are dead and the nucleus is absent.
4. These cells are packed closely, i.e., intercellular spaces are absent.
5. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and perforated with pits.
6. They provide strength and rigidity to the plant parts with hardness.
IF YOU WANT A SHORT ANSWER SEE BELOW :-
Identification of parenchyma tissues in plants:
they are oval in shape
cells are not packed tightly
intercellular spaces dont exist
there is no lumen
nucleus exist
Identification of sclerenchyma tissues in plants:
they are polygonal in shape
tightly packed cells
intercellular spaces dont exist
lumen exist
nucleus dont exist
collenchyma tissues in plants:
they are elongated axially
thick and flexible cell wall
chloroplast mostly present
intercellular spaces dont exist
Answer:
The first slide shows sclerenchyma, the second one shows parenchyma and the last is collenchyma.
Sclerenchyme Parenchyma Collenchyma
The cell wall is thick due to lignin. The cell wall is made of cellulose. The cell wall is a layer thick due to deposition of pectin.
No intercellular spaces present Intercellular spaces are present. Few intercellular spaces are present.
These are dead without protoplasm. Living tissue with nucleus and protoplasm. They also contain protoplasm.
Explanation:
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