Question

identify and name the plants in your surroundings which are parasitic on other plants​

Answer 1

Answer:

Plants usually considered holoparasites include broomrape, dodder, Rafflesia, and the Hydnoraceae. Plants usually considered hemiparasites include Castilleja, mistletoe, Western Australian Christmas tree, and yellow rattle.

Answer 2

Parasitic plant

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A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirement from another living plant. They make up about 1% of angiosperms and are found in almost every biome. All parasitic plants have modified roots, called haustoria, which penetrate the host plant, connecting them to the conductive system – either the xylem, the phloem, or both. For example, plants like Striga or Rhinanthus connect only to the xylem, via xylem bridges (xylem-feeding). Alternately, plants like Cuscuta and Orobanche connect only to the phloem of the host (phloem-feeding).[1][2] This provides them with the ability to extract water and nutrients from the host. Parasitic plants are classified depending as to the location where the parasitic plant latches onto the host and the amount of nutrients it requires.[3] Some parasitic plants are able to locate their host plants by detecting chemicals in the air or soil given off by host shoots or roots, respectively. About 4,500 species of parasitic plant in approximately 20 families of flowering plants are known.[4][3]

Cuscuta, a stem holoparasite, on an acacia tree in Pakistan

Classification Edit

Parasitic plants occur in multiple plant families, indicating that the evolution is polyphyletic. Some families consist mostly of parasitic representatives such as Balanophoraceae, while other families have only a few representatives. One example is the North American Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipe or corpse plant) which is a member of the heath family, Ericaceae, better known for its members blueberries, cranberries, and rhododendrons.

Parasitic plants are characterized as follows:[3]

1a. Obligate parasite – a parasite that cannot complete its life cycle without a host.

1b. Facultative parasite – a parasite that can complete its life cycle independent of a host.

2a. Stem parasite – a parasite that attaches to the host stem.

2b. Root parasite – a parasite that attaches to the host root.

3a. Hemiparasite – a plant parasitic under natural conditions, but photosynthetic to some degree. Hemiparasites may obtain only water and mineral nutrients from the host plant; many obtain at least part of their organic nutrients from the host as well.

3b. Holoparasite - a parasitic plant that derives all of its fixed carbon from the host plant. Commonly lacking chlorophyll, holoparasites are often colors other than green.

Mistletoe, an obligate stem hemiparasite

For hemiparasites, one from each of the three sets of terms can be applied to the same species, e.g.

Nuytsia floribunda (Western Australian Christmas tree) is an obligate root hemiparasite.

Rhinanthus (e.g. Yellow rattle) is a facultative root hemiparasite.

Mistletoe is an obligate stem hemiparasite.

Holoparasites are always obligate so only two terms are needed, e.g.

Dodder is a stem holoparasite.

Hydnora spp. are root holoparasites.

Plants usually considered holoparasites include broomrape, dodder, Rafflesia, and the Hydnoraceae. Plants usually considered hemiparasites include Castilleja, mistletoe, Western Australian Christmas tree, and yellow rattle..

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