identify different cell originals and their functions
Answers
Explanation:
Cell membrane A double membrane composed of lipids and proteins. Present both in plant and animal cell. Provides shape, protects the inner organelle of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
Centrosomes Composed of Centrioles and found only in the animal cells. It plays a major role in organizing the microtubule and Cell division.
Chloroplasts Present only in plant cells and contains a green-coloured pigment known as chlorophyll. Sites of photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance, which consists of water, dissolved nutrients and waste products of the cell. Responsible for the cell’s metabolic activities.
Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of membranous tubules, present within the cytoplasm of a cell. Forms the skeletal framework of the cell, involved in the Detoxification, production of Lipids and proteins.
Golgi apparatus Membrane-bound, sac-like organelles, present within the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells. It is mainly involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Lysosomes A tiny, circular-shaped, single membrane-bound organelles, filled with digestive enzymes. Helps in the digestion and removes wastes and digests dead and damaged cells. Therefore, it is also called as the “suicidal bags”.
Mitochondria An oval-shaped, membrane-bound organelle, also called as the “Power House of The Cell”. The main sites of cellular respiration and also involved in storing energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Nucleus A largest, double membrane-bound organelles, which contains all the cell’s genetic information. Controls the activity of the cell, helps in cell division and controls the hereditary characters.
Peroxisome A membrane-bound cellular organelle present in the cytoplasm, which contains the reducing enzyme. Involved in the metabolism of lipids and catabolism of long-chain fatty acids.
Plastids Double membrane-bound organelles. There are 3 types of plastids:
Leucoplast –Colourless plastids.
Chromoplast–Blue, Red, and Yellow colour plastids.
Chloroplast – Green coloured plastids.
Helps in the process of photosynthesis and pollination, Imparts colour for leaves, flowers and fruits and stores starch, proteins and fats.
Ribosomes non-membrane organelles, found floating freely in the cell’s cytoplasm or embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum. Involved in the Synthesis of Proteins.
Vacuoles A membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelle found within the cytoplasm. Provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell and helps in digestion, excretion, and storage of substances.
Answer: This may help you
Explanation:
1. Bone cells:
They are the most robust body cell systems and are bound together by calcium and phosphate. As you know, they give strength, support, and framework to the body by enclosing organs in the skeletal system, i.e., bones.
2. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes)
These cells are similar to bone cells, but the surrounding material is just loose and flexible compared to those of bone cells. Hence they are freely bendable. They are present in ear bone (therefore ears are fold-able), in between large bones to help them bend and move freely like in between two ribs, spinal bones, joints, etc.
3. Nerve cells
These cells form the nervous system.
Its features are like they are very long, having many branches at either end. They never multiply or divide in one’s lifetime. Once formed during a fetus, they live until the entire life of an individual. They are present all over the body and are sometimes as long as a few meters long.
These cells are found in plenty in the brain and the spinal cord. They combine to form the nervous tissue.
4. Epithelial cell
These cells are very simple cells that form a covering of other cells. They form covering layers of all the organs and hence are present in skin, scalp, respiratory tract, in the buccal cavity surface, over the surface of the heart, etc. Ex: Skin cells, mucous cells. They also form the essential structures like the nephrons in the kidney which help infiltration of the blood.
5. Muscle cells
These cells are responsible for the movements of the body. They are also called as myocytes and are present in the muscle tissues. They are rich in proteins like actin and myosin due to which they contract. They are mostly long, large and can provide movements to the body. They are three types the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
Skeletal muscle cells are attached to long bones and assist in their movements (by muscle contraction). They are also called striated cells as they have bands or striations on them as seen above (white and red bands). These bands are indicative of actin and myosin filaments which help in contraction.
Cardiac muscle cells are present only in the heart muscle and responsible for heartbeats.
cells in the human body- heart cells. These are also striated but have branches with others.
Smooth muscle cells are flexible yet, can contract and relax and are present in the stomach, intestine, blood vessel walls (vascular tissue), etc. helping in the movement of food through the gut. Muscle cells also store glucose due to which they generate energy and heat required by the body.
6 Secretory cells
These cells as the name indicates are secretory in function. They are present in the glands and secrete specific secretions containing enzymes or hormones.
Examples:
a) Salivary gland cells called acini secrete saliva
b) Gastric cells present in the stomach secrete gastric juice.
7. Adipose cells
These are fat cells and are sites where fat is stored. Adipose cells are mainly seen in the soles, palms, bums, etc. They reduce friction to the body.