Question

Identify from the case study above why the HDI for South Africa has shown an increase to its current level of 0.666

Answer 1

Let's first describe what's HDI and what it comprise of.

According to Wikipedia definition

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita incomeindicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Now, to improve HDI of any country, it needs to take care of improving the areas as mentioned

1) Life Expectancy-

A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth

2) Education-

Education index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling

3) Percapita income-

A decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP US$)

Now, lets see how to improve in these areas to improve HDI index

1) Life Expectancy:

To increase life expectancy one must focus on the areas mentioned below

Health: Health is directly linked to life expectancy, so public health must be given utmost priority. Infrastructure such as hospitals and laboratories etc., must be established, health care system needs to be improvised, Vaccines should be given to all the people etc.,

Education: Statistics prove that educated people are less prone to health risks as they are aware of how to keep themselves safe from environmental problems and lead a healthy lifestyle. How to improve Education?- build infrastructure, attract talented teachers, bring awareness among students and parents about education using extensive campaigning and providing some incentives to children from poor families.

Poverty: There are numerous studies on how to decrease poverty and implementation through centrally sponsored schemes, state sponsored schemes etc., India is moving at a right direction but not at a good speed. Corruption is the main culprit and also failure of coordination between different ministries.

Social protection: A per wiki "Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labour markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability and old age". So, it is essentially providing employment and making people lead a secure, healthy and happy life. Employment can be increased by bringing good governance and encouraging FDI's(debated), manufacturing sector, social entrepreneurship etc.,

2) Percapita income-

factors that contribute to increase percapita income (in addition to above)are

Encourage entrepreneurs by providing them hassle free environment

Encourage FDI's in multiple sectors

Improve education and establish more skill development centers

Bridge the gap between rural and urban populace

3)Education-

to improve education-"build infrastructure, attract talented teachers, bring awareness among students and parents about education using extensive campaigning and providing some incentives to children from poor familie.

Source: Human Development Index

Answer 2

Answer:

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