Question

Identify the cation in a given salt. 1.physical characteristic,2.dry and wet test for cation ,3.dry and wet test for anion ,4.confirmatory test for cation and anion

Answer 1

There are many test which is done in the laboratory for the Identification of the Cation and Anion in the Laboratory.

Since, you have not mentioned the one cation or anion which need to be tested, therefore let me give the simple applications which are used for detection of salts in the laboratory.

Detection of Cation and Anion is the Part of the Chemistry Practical of Class 11th and 12th, and it is one of the Interesting practical.

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We will be given one salt and we need to detect the cation and anion present in that salt.

1. Physical Characteristics ⇒ While detecting the cation or anion, we first see its color, odour, etc.

For example, Copper Sulphate is Blue, Color of Lead acetate is white crystalline, etc.

2. Dry and wet test of Cation ⇒   Dry tests are those tests which are performed with the solid salt (or a mixture of salts), while wet tests are those tests which are preformed by dissolving the salt. (or mixture of salts) in water, acid or any other solvent.

Generally in dry and wet test for colored salts,  we uses a compound named Sodium Borate. Sodium Borate(or Borax) is one of the compound of the Boron which is the mandatory part of every chemistry laboratory.

Chemical formula for Sodium Borate is Na₂[B₄O₅(OH)₅]·8H₂O.

For Uncolored salts, other solvents like Mohr's salt or Kessler's Reagfent is used.

3. Dry and wet test for anion ⇒ The dry test of anion is a basic test performed to detect the presence of element in compound by introducing the sample to the flame for noting the color produced, since some common and the certain element can be detected by means of their characteristic flame color.  

The wet test of an anion is the test which is based on the principle of treating solution with succession of reagents so that each reagent can separate a group of reagent.

4. Confirmatory Test for Cation and Anions ⇒ It is the Final test after which experiment on detection is completed. During this test, we confirm the presence and can say surely that that cation or anion is present in the given salt.

Some peoples do not perform each test as stated above but directly come to this test. In this test, we do some chemical reaction of the salt with the Other compounds to detect it presence.

For example, Ammonium salt can be detected by Kessler's Reagent. Copper salt give Chocolaty color in the Potassium Ferrocyanide solution.

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Hope it helps.

Answer 2

Identify Any one cation and anion from the following given salt.(a)CaCO3 (b)BaCl2 (c)ZnS (d)Pb(NO3)2 (e)FeCl3 1.physical characteristic,2.dry and wet test for cation ,3.dry and wet test for anion ,4.confirmatory test for cation and anion

Here we take calcium carbonate to identify of cation and anion. You can use other ones .

$\textbf{(a) Identification of cation in CaCO3}$ : here Calcium is cation and carbonate is anion. calcium present in fifth group.Solution of the fifth group precipitate in acetic acid gives a white precipitate with ammonium oxalate solution.
CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH ---> (CH3COO)2 Ca + H2O + CO2
(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 ----> (COO)2Ca + 2CH3COONH4
Here, (NH4)2C2O4 is ammonium oxalate and (COO)2Ca is white precipitation of calcium oxalate.
flame test : Calcium imparts
brick red colour to the flame which looks greenish-yellow through blue glass.

$\textbf{Identification of anion in CaCO3}$ in CO3²-, (carbonate ) is anion in the presence of calcium carbonate. If there is effervescence with the evolution of a colourless and odourless gas on
adding dil. H2SO4 to the solid salt, this indicates the presence of carbonate ion.
The gas turns lime water milky due to the formation of CaCO3.
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2O +CO2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ----> CaCO3 + H2O

If CO2 gas is passed in excess through lime water, the milkiness produced
disappears due to the formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which is soluble
in water.
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O-----> Ca(HCO3)2