Identify the parts of an electric generator and what they do?
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Generators
Generators are packaged units that provide electricity via an engine. The engine and various components turn a fuel source into usable electricity for a large number of applications.
Engine
The engine is the workhorse of the generator. Generator engines are typically powered by either diesel or natural gas. The fuel turns the engine, and as the engine turns, various components, including the alternator and battery system, turn that mechanical energy into usable electricity for your equipment. The size of the engine typically dictates how much electricity the generator produces.
Alternator/Generator End
The alternator of the generator is what turns the mechanical energy into electricity. The alternator is connected to the engine’s crankshaft via a belt. As the engine turns, it moves the belt, which turns the rotor shaft. The rotor is essentially a magnet, and the area around the magnet is a conductor, which is called a stator. These components work together to create electricity in the form of an alternating (A/C) current.
Fuel System
The fuel system is a vital component of the generator. Without fuel, the engine will fail to operate. This means that the correct fuel must be placed into the generator, and enough fuel must be inside the generator and on-site in order to keep the generator operating. It is recommended to inspect the fuel system and fuel flow prior to operating the generator to ensure that every part is working as expected and there are no kinks or clogs in the fuel lines that would prevent the natural gas or diesel from reaching the engine.
Popular generator fuels include diesel, natural gas, and propane.
Control Panel
The control panel of the generator is the user interface. It allows the generator operator to monitor the various systems of the generator and adjust them as needed. These controls include the amount of voltage produced by the generator, the electrical current, and the frequency of that current. Monitoring of the system is provided by various gauges and displays, and the generator settings are adjusted through a series of buttons and/or switches.
Battery Charger
Like your vehicle, a generator is first started with the help of a battery. Since this battery must be charged, the generator will also contain a battery charger that charges the battery while the generator is in operation.
Voltage Regulator
The alternator of a generator produces A/C current. This is not the desired current for charging a battery storage system or operating various machinery. Instead, direct current (D/C) is needed. The voltage regulator controls the voltage of the current and changes it from A/C to D/C current.
Main Frame/Skid
The main frame or skid is the housing of the generator that holds on it all parts and components. The main frame or skid can be designed to allow the generator to sit on the ground or a concrete pad or it can be mounted to a trailer for easy transportation of the system. It also helps ensure that the generator is properly grounded or earthed, which is essential for property operation and the safety of the system.
Lubrication System
Since generators contain moving parts, they must have a lubrication system. The lubrication system helps ensure that the moving parts do not create excessive friction and overheat, which would cause the system to lockup.
Diesel Generator Sets
Diesel generator sets are complete generator systems that are designed to be operated with diesel fuel, which is great for remote locations. Diesel generators are reliable, require minimal maintenance, and run efficiently but release harmful gases when burned. Regulations governing emissions have tightened in recent years but advances in technology means diesel can be burned cleaner than previously.
Natural Gas Generator Sets
Natural gas generators are designed to run off natural gas, which is great for worksites and construction sites that are located near natural gas lines as they can simply hook up to existing lines. Natural gas units themselves are cheaper than their diesel counterparts but, depending on existing supply lines, installing gas can significantly increase the cost. As they collect gas from existing pipelines, fuel storage doesn’t pose a problem. Natural gas also burns cleaner than diesel.
Portable Generator Sets
Portable generator sets are mounted onto trailers for easy transportation to and from various sites. These generators range in size from small 8kW units to gensets with a rating of 2,500+kW. Portable generators can run on either natural gas or diesel.
Marine Generator Sets
Marine generator sets are specially built for use around bodies of water that may experience high seas and unpredictable weather patterns. They are designed purposely for use on boats and offshore oil rigs. These generators all meet the strict requirements for marine use.
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