Question

if atom is too small that they cannot seen by microscope how we have assume that it has electrons outside and protons and nutrons inside how?? explain

Answer 1

By Rutherford's alpha particle scattrlering experiment in which alpaha particles we're beamed throuslgh very thin gold foil and some of it defects through small and large angles and most of them passed straight without any deflection this showed that there is a positive charge in center as alpha particle being positive deflected becuz of like charges

Answer 2

First of all, we can actually see atoms and even feel their force under some special microscopes. In fact, you can see them even with naked eyes. Though its unbelievable, a scientist named David Nadlinger at Oxford University has clicked a photograph showing a single atom. He did this by using magnetic and electric fields and laser.

When it comes to your question, we have believe that p+, e- and n are not the fundamental particles of matter. Setups like LHC have shown that even p+, e- and n are composed of even smaller particles. These are called the Elementary Particles of Matter and these are arranged in Standard Model of Elementary Particles [not sure about its name] like periodic table. If we something constitutes p+, e- and n, they should exist. And then, theories, principles and experiments conducted by many scientists such as Rutherford prove that there e-, p+ and n should exist. Several things can be done only if they exist.