Question

If insulin is secreted in low quantity ________ level cannot be controlled in
body.
a) protein b) water c) glucose d) urea

Answer 1

Answer:

Protein .option a

Explanation:

Insulin is a hormone made by an organ located behind the stomach called the pancreas. There are specialised areas within the pancreas called islets of Langerhans (the term insulin comes from the Latin insula that means island). The islets of Langerhans are made up of different type of cells that make hormones, the commonest ones are the beta cells, which produce insulin.

How is insulin controlled?

The main actions that insulin has are to allow glucose to enter cells to be used as energy and to maintain the amount of glucose found in the bloodstream within normal levels. The release of insulin is tightly regulated in healthy people in order to balance food intake and the metabolic needs of the body. This is a complex process and other hormones found in the gut and pancreas also contribute to this blood glucose regulation. When we eat food, glucose is absorbed from our gut into the bloodstream, raising blood glucose levels. This rise in blood glucose causes insulin to be released from the pancreas so glucose can move inside the cells and be used. As glucose moves inside the cells, the amount of glucose in the bloodstream returns to normal and insulin release slows down. Proteins in food and other hormones produced by the gut in response to food also stimulate insulin release. Hormones released in times of acute stress, such as adrenaline, stop the release of insulin, leading to higher blood glucose levels to help cope with the stressful event.

Answer 2

The correct answer to the above question is- c) glucose.

• In the pancreas, two types of cells are present that regulate the glucose level in blood. These cells are alpha cells and beta cells.
• Alpha cells secrete glucagon hormone that signals the cells to form glucose if there is a low glucose level in the blood.
• Beta cells secrete insulin hormone which maintains the glucose level by signalling the cells to take up excess glucose present in blood.
• Thus, if insulin is secreted in low quantity (hyposecretion), then glucose level cannot be controlled. There will be excess glucose in the blood. This condition is called hyperglycaemia.