if light do not have mass so, how light can pass through black hole except the concept of photons and 4d space
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When considering objects with very high mass and relatively very low volume, that is very high density objects such as a black hole, the conventional notion of gravity does not work to explain the experimental results. The conventional notion is that when two objects having mass are kept some distance apart from each other, each of them exerts a force on each other given by F = GMm/d^2
However, gravity as such is not a force between two objects but in reality is a bending of space around an object that has mass. For example, if we have a sheet of paper, the surface of the paper is two dimensional, but the sheet itself exists in a 3d world. So if we fold the sheet, we get a 2d surface that has been bent in the third dimension. In a similar fashion, objects having mass will bend the 3d space around them, perhaps in some higher dimension (this concept must be one of the reasons for further development of Physics theories tending to generalize the Universe in higher dimensions). The higher the mass, more the warping. Hence even though light does not have mass, if it has to travel through the space that has been warped by a massive body, the effect of it's gravitation can be seen, since the path through space that the light particles have to take itself has been somewhat distorted by the presence of the high mass object. This bending of space is too negligible to be observed in small scale objects as cars or houses or humans or even the Earth, Jupiter or other planets, but can be significant, that is, at least there are instruments sensitive enough to observe it's effect for objects with relatively smaller mass such as the Sun. That the light particles that reach us from near the sun travel through a bent path was predicted by Einstein through the General Theory of Relativity and was experimentally proved through stellar observation during a solar eclipse. Since a black hole has much more mass, the effect is much more significant.
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