If object is taken down with constant speed then its potential energy
Answers
In earlier classes, we defined the potential energy of an object as the energy by virtue of its height. However, here we shall see that this energy can also be a result of an objects configuration or its relative position inside a field. The concept of potential energy is basic to many branches of physics, let’s learn more!
Potential Energy
Potential energy is basically that form of energy that’s stored in an object due to its position in comparison to a certain zero position. For example, a rock on the top of a hill has a stored energy in it. This energy is relative to its peak position that takes its form when thrown from that height. Similarly, huge ball in the demolition machine has energy stored in it when held at an elevation.
potential energy
In a nutshell, every object situated at some height, with a possibility to come back on the ground has energy stored in it. This energy is called so because it has the potential to be converted into some other form of energy. This form of energy can be converted into Kinetic energy, Mechanical energy heat and light energy etc.
Some of the other examples of this form of energy around us
Electricity produced from water turbines in dams is the result of energy stored in the water of reservoirs.
The stretched bow is also a good example of potential energy. This energy helps the arrow to move forward with greater velocity.
potential energy
Kinds of Potential Energy
The potential energy is a function of some field. Whenever there is a field of a force of some kind, any object that interacts with the force gains energy. This energy comes as a result of the interaction of the object with the force or the field. We call this the potential energy.
For example, around a mass, we have the gravitational field. Any mass in that field will experience a force and thus will have an energy associated with it. This is the gravitational potential energy. Similarly, we see the following kinds of potential energy.
Elastic Potential Energy
As the name signifies, every object that behaves like an elastic or spring is a source of elastic potential energy. The best examples are rubber bands, springs etc. These elastic objects follow the Hooke’s Law. The stretching and compressing of elastic items lead to storage of energy in the form of Elastic Potential energy.
Compression of a spring requires force, the more the compression the greater is the force. This implies that amount of force is directly relative to the amount of compression or stretch(x). The constant of proportionality here can be termed as spring constant (k). Therefore, F = k×x.
Thus the force at equilibrium position is zero because at this position the spring is neither stretched nor compressed. The following equation is used when the spring is not in an equilibrium position: F=1/2 k×x. The energy because of the work that this elastic force does is given by W = 1/2 (kx2); where the letters have their usual meaning.
Gravitational Potential Energy
We know that Earth has a gravitational force that pulls objects towards the surface. This constant attraction between Earth and the object leads to Gravitation Potential energy. This form of energy depends on the mass and height of the object. Gravitational potential energy is directly related to both mass and height.
The greater the mass the greater will be the gravitational potential energy. Similar is the case with height, an object at a higher elevation will have greater gravitational energy stored in it.
An Instance of the Gravitational Potential Energy
Suppose an object of mass M is lying at point A on the surface of the earth. g here is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth’s surface and the force of attraction towards the center of the Earth is M*g, which equals the weight of the object. Now, If we have to move the object to B, from point A then the force that equals M*g has to be applied in the upward direction.
The amount of work done by the object at height h shall be M*g*h.This is also the gravitational potential energy stored in the object at height h. Therefore, V= M×g×h (g here is constant, 9.8N/kg). It is essential to know that the gravitational potential energy solely depends on the displacement of the object from an initial height to the final height.
Now, if the object moves upwards to height (h) then the gravitational force (F) acting on the object is negative of P.E. So here when an object moves away from the surface we get, F = -d/dh (V) = -mg
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