If '+' sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, '–' sign to detrimental and '0' sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction represented by '+' '–' refers to (1) mutualism (2) amensalism (3) commensalism (4) parasitism
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parasitism
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Parasitism is a kind of symbiosis, a close and persistent long-term biological interaction between a parasite and its host. ... Unlike commensalism and mutualism, the parasitic relationship harms the host, either feeding on it or, as in the case of intestinal parasites, consuming some of its food.
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