if the mirror moved in the !Michelson interferometer by x\8 than the ray of light creats a path difference of
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6.3 INTERFEROMETERS
The Michelson interferometer with a 50/50 beam splitter represented the original configuration of OCT systems, and this configuration probably remains the most common. In this configuration, the reference arm power is partially attenuated to maximize/optimize performance, but the optimal attenuation remains controversial. Most current designs use dual balanced detection, which should be standard at this point for TD-OCT systems and possibly SS-OCT systems to reduce excess noise (discussed in the next chapter). Some groups use unbalanced primary beam splitters, such as 90/10 splitters, where most of the power is directed toward the sample arm. This is done since sample backreflection is substantially less than reference arm signal.
More complex designs have been proposed.7,8 Three power-maximizing designs have been proposed by Dr. Izatt et al. and are shown in Figure 6.1.7The first two use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which generally utilizes two beam splitters and two mirrors to divide and recombine the beam. This interferometer allows the easy introduction of modulators, here Faraday rotators (see Appendix 6-1). The third design is based on a modification of the Michelson interferometer. The literature is filled with subtle variations on the traditional Michelson designs, such as the inclusion of modulators (Appendix 6-1) to remove mechanical vibrations, but in general most systems closely resemble the original configuration.
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