Question

If the roots of the quadratic equation (x-a)(x - b) + (x - b)(x -c) + (x -c)(x -a) = 0 are equal. Then,
show that a = b = c.​

Answer 1

$\large\underline{\sf{Solution-}}$

Given quadratic equation is

$\sf \: (x - a)(x - b) + (x - b)(x - c) + (x - a)(x - c) = 0$

$\sf \:  {x}^{2} - (a + b)x + ab +  {x}^{2} - (b + c)x + bc +  {x}^{2} - (c + a)x + ac = 0$

$\sf \: 3{x}^{2} - (a + b + b + c + c + a)x + ab +  bc+ca = 0$

$\sf \: 3{x}^{2} - 2(a + b + c)x + ab +  bc+ca = 0$

 

So, on comparing with Ax² + Bx + C = 0, we get

$\:\boxed{\begin{aligned}& \qquad \:\sf \:A=3 \qquad \: \\ \\& \qquad \:\sf \: B= - 2(a + b + c)\qquad\\ \\& \qquad \:\sf \: C=ab + bc + ca\qquad\end{aligned}} \qquad \:$

As it is given that, equation has real and equal roots.

$\sf \: Discriminant, D = 0$

$\sf \:  {B}^{2} - 4AC = 0$

$\sf \:  {[  - 2(a + b + c)]}^{2} - 4(3)(ab + bc + ca) = 0$

$\sf \:  {4(a + b + c)}^{2} - 4(3)(ab + bc + ca) = 0$

$\sf \:  {(a + b + c)}^{2} - 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0$

$\sf \: {a}^{2} +  {b}^{2} +  {c}^{2} + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca   - 3ab - 3bc - 3ca = 0$

$\sf \: {a}^{2} +  {b}^{2} +  {c}^{2}    - ab - bc - ca = 0$

can be rewritten as

$\sf \:2( {a}^{2} +  {b}^{2} +  {c}^{2}    - ab - bc - ca) = 0$

$\sf \:2{a}^{2} +  2{b}^{2} +  2{c}^{2}    - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca= 0$

$\sf \: {a}^{2}  + {a}^{2} +   {b}^{2}  + {b}^{2} +   {c}^{2}  + {c}^{2}    - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca= 0$

$\sf \: ( {a}^{2} +  {b}^{2}  - 2ab) + ( {b}^{2} +  {c}^{2} - 2bc) + ( {c}^{2} +  {a}^{2} - 2ca) = 0$

$\sf \:  {(a - b)}^{2} +  {(b - c)}^{2} +  {(c - a)}^{2} = 0$

$\implies\sf \: a - b = 0 \:  \: and \:  \: b - c = 0 \:  \: and \:  \: c - a = 0$

$\implies\sf \: a = b \:  \: and \:  \: b = c \:  \: and \:  \: c  = a$

$\implies\sf \: a = b  = c\:$

$\rule{190pt}{2pt}$

Concept Used :-

Nature of roots :-

Let us consider a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, then nature of roots of quadratic equation depends upon Discriminant (D) of the quadratic equation.

If Discriminant, D > 0, then roots of the equation are real and unequal.

If Discriminant, D = 0, then roots of the equation are real and equal.

If Discriminant, D < 0, then roots of the equation are unreal or complex or imaginary.

Where,

Discriminant, D = b² - 4ac