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Class 9th
History Chapter 1 The French Revolution
1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?
2. Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
3. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
4. Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.
5. Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions? Explain.
6. How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?
Answers
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1.The circumstances which led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France were a combination of social, economic, political and Intellectual circumstances.
2.The clergy and the nobility were forced to relinquish power. The poorer sections of society and women would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution as the promise of equality was not fulfilled in full measure at the end of the revolution.
3.The legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was as follows — (i) Ideas of equality and democratic spread from France to other European countries and feudalism was abolished.
4.We can trace the origin of the following democratic rights we enjoy today to the french revolution:
Right to Equality.
Right to Freedom.
Freedom of Speech and expression.
Right against exploitations.
Right to justice.
5. The message of universal rights was beset with contradictions. Many ideals in the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen" were not clear In their meanings, e.g., (i) "The law has the right to forbid only actions injurious to society" did not mention about criminal offences against other individuals.
6.Members of the directory often fought among themselves leading to total chaos and political instability. This created a political vacuum in France. This was a conducive situation and Napoleon Bonaparte took the reign of power as a military dictator.
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Answer:
The French revolution broke out due to various social, economic, intellectual and political factors.
- The then King of France, Louis XVI was inefficient and an autocrat.
- The Social society of French was inequally divided.
- The first and second classes were comprised of the Clergy and Nobility which were the priviliged classes exempted from all kind of state taxes.
- The third estate or the third class was comprised of the majority of the population which were the unpriviliged classes and had to pay all the state taxes.
- The population of France rose greatly during 1780's leading to food crisis. The price of bread rose highly during that time.
- The treasury of France got empty due to continuous war and the luxurious living ways of the King.
- After the assembly on 5 May, 1789, the members of the third estate became more agitated about their rights in the administration.
On July 14, 1789 the agitated crowd stormed and destroyed the bastille, the fortress prison, leading to outbreak of the French Revolution.
Q) 2)The groups of French society benefited from the revolution were of the third estate like which include peasants,servants,merchants etc.The clergy and nobility were forced to relinquish power as they enjoyed many privileges.
Feudal Lords,Women,Nobles and Clergy were the sections of society who would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution.
Q)3)The Legacy of the French Revolution for the people of world during the 19 and 20 centuries can be explained under the following heads:
1. Equality: equality was one of the major principles of the French Revolution. The distinction between the poor and the rich was removed. Every government began to give equal rights to the rich and the poor.
2. Liberty: Before the French Revolution freedom meant political freedom but now freedom and social and religious freedom too. The Welfare of the people was to be the duty of the rulers therefore there were no longer absolute Kings.
3. Fraternity: The idea of fraternity also got and impetus from the French Revolution.
4. Democracy: Monarchial systems gave place to the democratic system.
5. Welfare of the people: governments all over the world began to think about the Welfare of the people as its duty. The children were stopped from working in the factories. The conditions in the factories were improved. A number of steps were taken to improve the working condition in the mines.
Q) 6)After France became a republic in 1792, the then Jacobin leader, Robespierre, followed a policy of severe control and punishment. He was a sort of autocrat himself. This led to a reign of terror for the following many years. After Robespierre's rule came to an end a directory was formed to avoid concentration of power in one individual. Members of the directory often fought among themselves leading to total chaos and political instability. This created a political vacuum in France. This was a conducive situation and Napoleon Bonaparte took the reign of power as a military dictator.
Q)5) Yes, the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions:
Many ideas in the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen" were replete with dubious meanings. For example, "the law has the right to forbid only actions injurious to society" had nothing to say about criminal offences against other individuals.
The declaration stated that "law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to participate in its formation…All citizens are equal before it", but when France became a constitutional monarchy, almost 3 million citizens including men who did not pay sufficient taxes, women and men under the age of 25 were not allowed to vote at all.
Hence, by these universal rights poor were suppressed. Constitution was only available for the rich. Women were totally neglected in decision making.
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