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Answer:
a) A constellation is a group of stars which make up imaginary outline or pattern in the night sky (the celestial sphere). Usually they are said to represent an animal, mythological person or creature in a shape. When seen, the group of stars seem to make a pattern.
b) The ancient literature and the religious books are important sources of information for the reconstruction of ancient Indian history. It helps us to know our past cultures and traditions. Their classification is simple – religious and secular literature, historical literature and foreign accounts.
c) There are two main categories of dating methods in archaeology: indirect or relative dating and absolute dating. Relative dating includes methods that rely on the analysis of comparative data or the context (eg, geological, regional, cultural) in which the object one wishes to date is found. This approach helps to order events chronologically but it does not provide the absolute age of an object expressed in years. Relative dating includes different techniques, but the most commonly used are soil stratigraphy analysis and typology.
On the other hand, absolute dating includes all methods that provide figures about the real estimated age of archaeological objects or occupations. These methods usually analyze physicochemical transformation phenomena whose rate are known or can be estimated relatively well. This is the only type of techniques that can help clarifying the actual age of an object. Absolute dating methods mainly include radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology and thermoluminescence.
d) water, temperature, light and solar radiation and gases are most important conditions to exist on Earth.
Literature - Rig Veda, Aranyaks, Ramayana, Upanishads, Puranas
Artefacts - Buttons, Pots, Jewellery,
Monuments - Taj Mahal, Konark Sun Temple, Red Fort, Sanchi Stupa
Hope this helps....
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